船舶吃水对水深测量的影响浅析

在水深地形测量工作中,有很多不稳定因素极易造成水深数据误差.其中测量船舶吃水不准确也是造成误差的原因之一,因此测深船的大小以及船型的选择很重要.根据实际工作经验,对各种测量船舶吃水变化引起的水深测量误差的原因进行分析,并提出各种情况下减少水深测量误差的方法,以提高水深测量精度.     

自行加榴炮射击误差的仿真研究

射击精度可以用射击误差表示,依据某自行加榴炮射表,结合弹道理论分析方法,使用蒙特卡洛法对其射击精度进行误差特性仿真,找出影响射击精度的主要误差来源,此方法可以推广应用到其他武器系统。     

水下目标深度测量误差源分析

首先研究了在深海环境下,采用基于三阵元垂直线列阵的水声探测系统进行水下目标深度测量的基本原理.然后从随机误差和阵元配置偏差的角度,对水下目标深度测量的误差源进行了理论分析,并推导了相关公式.此外,对于相干多途水声信道干扰给水下目标深度测量精度的影响,也作了初步的理论分析.通过仿真实验,总结出各误差源对水下目标深度测量精度影响的规律,研究结果为进一步开展水下目标深度测量研究、提高测量精度奠定了基础.     

On the numerical accuracy of the prediction of resistance coefficients in ship stern flow calculations

This article presents a study on the accuracy of the numerical determination of the friction and pressure resistance coefficients of ship hulls. The investigation was carried out for the KVLCC2 tanker at model- and full-scale Reynolds numbers. Gravity waves were neglected, i.e., we adopted the so-called double-model flow. Single-block grids with H–O topology were adopted for all the calculations. Three eddy viscosity models were employed: the one-equation eddy viscosity and the two-equation models proposed by Menter and the TNT version of the two-equation k-ω model. Verification exercises were performed in sets of nearly geometrically similar grids with different densities in the streamwise, normal, and girthwise directions. The friction and pressure resistance coefficients were calculated for different levels of the iterative error and for computational domains of different size. The results show that on the level of grid refinement used, it is possible to calculate the viscous resistance coefficients in H–O grids that do not match the ship contour with a numerical uncertainty of less than 1%. The differences between the predictions of different turbulence models were larger than the numerical uncertainty; however, these differences tended to decrease with increases in the Reynolds number. The pressure resistance was remarkably sensitive to domain size and far-field boundary conditions. Either a large domain or the application of a viscous–inviscid interaction procedure is needed for reliable results. This work was presented in part at the International Conference on Computational Methods in Marine Engineering—MARINE 2007, Barcelona, June 3–4, 2007.     

基于天线选择的准正交空时码的自适应设计

为充分利用信道信息(Channel State Information,CSI)来改善准正交空时码(Quasi Orthogonal Space-Time Block Code,QSTBC)系统的性能,提出基于天线选择的QSTBC系统自适应设计方案,对QSTBC的编码结构添加自适应系数,使信道矩阵正交化,消除码间串扰.推导了系统的瞬时输出信噪比,以此作为天线选择准则.仿真结果表明,相对于未经过自适应编码设计的天线选择QSTBC系统,新系统的误码率性能有明显改善.     

深水试验水池大型升降平台多电机同步控制

深水试验水池是开展深海装备开发必不可少的试验手段,大型升降平台是其中的关键设备.大型高精度、高转速传动系统的多电机同步控制是最为核心的问题之一.同步控制算法的优劣直接影响系统的性能与可靠性.提出深水试验水池大型升降平台多电机同步协调控制系统构成方案,并提出一种新的基于拉力死区误差均衡及中心耦合误差的升降平台多电机同步协调控制策略,实现了拉力控制和位置控制的解耦;同时,提出了多电机控制的升降平台仿真系统,其仿真结果表明:所提出的控制策略同步稳定性能高、收敛速度快,具有很高的应用价值.     

新型集装箱汽车衡称重技术与误差分析研究

为了对一辆集卡装载的2个20英尺集装箱进行分别称重,设计了新的汽车衡结构,推导出计算公式并进行实验验证,得到了一种可以保证作业安全且能为港口和货主接受的集装箱汽车衡称重方法。     

Investigating micro-simulation error in activity-based travel demand forecasting: a case study of the FEATHERS framework

Activity-based models of travel demand have received considerable attention in transportation planning and forecasting in recent years. However, in most cases they use a micro-simulation approach, thereby inevitably including a stochastic error that is caused by the statistical distributions of random components. As a consequence, running a transport micro-simulation model several times with the same input will generate different outputs, which baffles practitioners in applying such a model and in interpreting the results. A common approach is therefore to run the model multiple times and to use the average value of the results. The question then becomes: what is the minimum number of model runs required to reach a stable result? In this paper, systematic experiments are carried out using Forecasting Evolutionary Activity-Travel of Households and their Environmental RepercussionS (FEATHERS), an activity-based micro-simulation modelling framework currently implemented for the Flanders region of Belgium. Six levels of geographic detail are taken into account. Three travel indices – average daily activities per person, average daily trips per person and average daily distance travelled per person, as well as their corresponding segmentations – are calculated by running the model 100 times. The results show that the more disaggregated the level, the larger the number of model runs is needed to ensure confidence. Furthermore, based on the time-dependent origin-destination table derived from the model output, traffic assignment is performed by loading it onto the Flemish road network, and the total vehicle kilometres travelled in the whole Flanders are subsequently computed. The stable results at the Flanders level provides model users with confidence that application of FEATHERS at an aggregated level requires only limited model runs.     

欧标EN1992-1-1:2004与中国规范JTS 151—2011的异同

众多的海外设计项目要求设计者了解和掌握欧美的设计标准,通过项目设计实践,总结了欧洲设计标准体系之一的混凝土结构设计规范：EN1992-1-1:2004与我国标准JTS 151—2011 在设计原则与方法、材料特性、荷载系数、荷载组合、承载力计算等方面的异同点,供同行参考。     

Incorporating human-factors in car-following models: A review of recent developments and research needs

Over the past decades there has been a considerable development in the modeling of car-following (CF) behavior as a result of research undertaken by both traffic engineers and traffic psychologists. While traffic engineers seek to understand the behavior of a traffic stream, traffic psychologists seek to describe the human abilities and errors involved in the driving process. This paper provides a comprehensive review of these two research streams.It is necessary to consider human-factors in CF modeling for a more realistic representation of CF behavior in complex driving situations (for example, in traffic breakdowns, crash-prone situations, and adverse weather conditions) to improve traffic safety and to better understand widely-reported puzzling traffic flow phenomena, such as capacity drop, stop-and-go oscillations, and traffic hysteresis. While there are some excellent reviews of CF models available in the literature, none of these specifically focuses on the human factors in these models.This paper addresses this gap by reviewing the available literature with a specific focus on the latest advances in car-following models from both the engineering and human behavior points of view. In so doing, it analyses the benefits and limitations of various models and highlights future research needs in the area.