发动机排气歧管断裂分析

近年来,由于防止废气污染、噪声及提高燃油效率的需要,发动机气缸的排气温度不断提高,以及因超载和路况等原因引起发动机超负荷运行,导致排气歧管的热疲劳开裂时有发生。对某车型发动机排气歧管的热疲劳断裂问题进行综合失效分析,并从材料、结构方面提出改进意见。     

汽车排气消声器的三维声学性能分析

在利用三维有限元法研究简单结构的消声器的声学消声性能基础上,对于复杂结构的消声器进行了声学性能预测。数值仿真结果和试验结果的良好吻合表明,三维有限元法适合于研究消声器的声学消声性能,具有相当高的精度。同时利用消声器内部的压力云图研究消声器结构对于声波传播的影响,并且应用三维有限元法进一步研究了穿孔率和穿孔管长度对于复杂结构的汽车排气消声器的声学消声性能的影响。     

具有防熄火功能的发动机排气制动系统

简要介绍公路行驶的柴油发动机车辆在实施排气制动时防止发动机熄火的控制方式。     

基于OSPM模式的机动车尾气扩散模型研究综述

街道峡谷机动车相关污染物的扩散模拟研究已广泛进行,OSPM扩散模型由于具有经验值数据库而被广泛使用.文章从OSPM的发展历程、应用研究及挑战展望等方面进行了综述.结果表明,OSPM比其他模型的模拟结果更为接近真实值.除此之外,近三十年的机动车相关污染物研究显示OSPM模式在污染物预测、暴露评估方面更为实用.但交通相关因...     

Application of dual reciprocity boundary element method to predict acoustic attenuation characteristics of marine engine exhaust silencers

In marine engine exhaust silencing systems, the presence of exhaust gas flow influences the sound propagation inside the systems and the acoustic attenuation performance of silencers. In order to investigate the effects of three-dimensional gas flow and acoustic damping on the acoustic attenuation characteristics of marine engine exhaust silencers, a dual reciprocity boundary element method （DRBEM） was developed. The acoustic governing equation in three-dimensional potential flow was derived first, and then the DRBEM numerical procedure is given. Compared to the conventional boundary element method （CBEM）, the DRBEM considers the second order terms of flow Mach number in the acoustic governing equation, so it is suitable for the cases with higher Mach number subsonic flow. For complex exhaust silencers, it is difficult to apply the single-domain boundary element method, so a substructure approach based on the dual reciprocity boundary element method is presented. The experiments for measuring transmission loss of silencers are conducted, and the experimental setup and measurements are explained. The transmission loss of a single expansion chamber silencer with extended inlet and outlet were predicted by DRBEM and compared with the measurements. The good agreements between predictions and measurements are observed, which demonstrated that the derived acoustic governing equation and the DRBEM numerical procedure in the present study are correct.     

EGR对车用柴油机性能影响的试验研究

结合某废气涡轮增压和高压共轨小型4缸柴油机国Ⅳ排放达标工作,进行了计算机在线实时控制EGR对柴油机性能影响的试验研究,通过试验分析了EGR对NOx、烟度、排气温度、燃油消耗率的影响规律,并对EGR率与喷油提前角的匹配作了进一步的研究。结果表明,为降低柴油机NOx排放,不同工况应采取不同的EGR率;烟度、排气温度、燃油消耗率均随着EGR率的增加而增大;EGR率和喷油提前角应实现良好的匹配,才能保证NOx排放和燃油消耗率都能达到要求,其中小EGR率匹配小喷油提前角,大EGR率匹配大喷油提前角。     

Impact of Visible-Solar-Light-Driven photocatalytic pavement on air quality improvement

Photocatalytic pavement has attracted significant interest in the past decades by both the academia and industry for its ability of spontaneous cleaning of air pollutants, such as motor vehicle exhaust gas. Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is used as the photocatalyst that is mixed into pavement materials or coated on the pavement to remove motor vehicle exhaust gases, e.g., carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO_x), under the irradiation of the solar light. However, the pure TiO₂ additive only absorbs the light within the ultraviolet region due to its large bandgap. One approach to increase the ability of TiO₂ to the utilization of the full spectrum of the solar light is doping TiO₂. Therefore, this visible-solar-light-driven photocatalytic pavement embedded with doped-TiO₂ will exhibits a better cleaning efficiency of exhaust gas. This work conducted computational simulations of the cleaning efficiency on reducing exhaust gas NO₂ by photocatalytic pavement with doped-TiO₂, and its subsequent influence on the air quality in the surrounding environment. A three-dimensional model was developed for a section of pavement and its vicinal region. Effects of weather conditions, doped-TiO₂ coverages, road widths and traffic flow conditions on the removal of NO₂ and its influence to the adjacent environment were studied. Results indicate that visible-solar-light-driven photocatalytic pavement with doped-TiO₂ features a significantly higher removal efficiency of exhaust gas compared with the normal photocatalytic pavement. Moreover, the doped-TiO₂ embedded pavement is effective to remove NO₂ with different traffic densities and wind conditions, and consequently improve the air quality of the surrounding environment.     

车用发动机尾气发电技术的研究现状

介绍了发动机排气能量回收的意义、潜力以及排气能量回收利用的特点。通过分析不同尾气发电技术的研究现状,总结出涡轮发电是一种比较现实、有发展前景的尾气发电方式。结合涡轮发电的研究现状,探讨了涡轮发电技术的研究趋势。     

船用柴油机液压气阀敲击故障的分析与排除

文章简述了B＆W-6L90GBE船用柴油机液压排气阀敲击的故障现象,通过故障现场分析认为,排气阀空气弹簧腔漏气引起闭阀空气压力降低是造成气阀敲击故障的主要原因。     

港口生产能耗和排放计算问题研究

交通运输部制定的节能减排规划以港口生产单位吞吐量综合能耗和CO2排放作为港口节能减排指标,并将基准年设定在2005年.本文分析了港口能耗和排放计算中的问题,提出了相关建议,分析了2005年港口生产单位吞吐量综合能耗和CO2排放计算结果.