Simulation-based severe weather-induced container terminal economic loss estimation

Container terminals play a critical role in maritime supply chains. However, they show vulnerabilities to severe weather events due to the sea–land interface locations. Previous severe weather risk analysis focused more on larger assessment units, such as regions and cities. Limited studies assessed severe weather risks on a smaller scale of seaports. This paper aims to propose a severe weather-induced container terminal loss estimation framework. Based on a container terminal operation simulation model, monthly average loss and single event-induced loss are obtained by using historical hazard records and terminal operation records as model inputs. By studying the Port of Shenzhen as the case study, we find that the fog events in March lead to the longest monthly port downtime and the highest monthly severe weather-induced economic losses in the studied port. The monthly average loss is estimated to be 30 million USD, accounting for 20% of the intact income. The worst-case scenario is found to be a red-signal typhoon attack which results in nearly 20% decrease in the month’s income. The results provide useful references for various container terminal stakeholders in severe weather risk management.     

Traffic impact analysis of inspection area site selection at a foreign trade container terminal

ABSTRACT

To improve the security and efficiency of terminal operations, a key issue for land area layout at a foreign trade container terminal is to plan and design an inspection area. Since it directly affects terminal traffic, while determining inspection area site selection, we should pay a great attention to operations and management of terminal traffic as well as container inspection. This paper employs a system decomposition technique to develop an integrated simulation framework, which enables us to flexibly obtain the whole picture of terminal traffic conditions and evaluate traffic impacts of inspection area site selection. A real-world terminal with typical patterns of land area layout is chosen to carry out a case study, which shows that traffic flow is unevenly distributed on the terminal road network and that the distribution is influenced by truck streams at the terminal. New findings also include: (1) traffic volume at the terminal apron is rather unbalanced in association with the non-continuous utilization of berths; (2) a proper inspection area should be located near the gate if the terminal conditions permit from the perspective of terminal traffic. This work may provide a decision-making reference for the planning and construction of foreign trade container terminals.     

Determinants of airport retail revenue: a review of literature

ABSTRACT

As the airport retail industry continues to grow due to increasing travel demands, airport operators are increasingly developing their retail revenue potential to ensure financial viability. This study aims to provide a review of airport retail literature and identify the salient factors associated with passenger shopping behaviour. The paper presents a review of contemporary airport retail literature, covering a total of 50 studies from 1998 to 2018. The review identified 26 factors, which could broadly be grouped into five categories: airport/operator related; passengers' demographic related; passengers’ travel related; passengers’ psychological related and passengers’ resources related. In addition to providing a summary of the statistically significant factors across studies, the review identifies and discusses potential approaches for future research. These include the importance of considering both “to spend or not” decision and how much to spend and how most empirical studies focussed on the former; the gap in empirical analysis on the impact of airport terminal design layout on retail performance; and the gap in application of general consumer shopping behavioural models to airport retail problems. The paper concludes with the suggestion that we can build on the existing studies to develop a hybrid approach to solve several of the identified gaps simultaneously.     

基于eM-Plant的某集装箱码头工艺系统仿真评估

为验证阿布扎比哈里发港集装箱码头二期项目工程工艺系统设计的合理性,利用面向对象建模的eM-Plant仿真软件对该项目设计方案下的码头整体作业、水平运输、箱区极限装卸和闸口通过能力4个方面进行仿真评估。结果表明工艺系统各环节布置基本合理。对设备调度和交通管理等给出操作建议,为营运方有针对性地进行生产管理和实现港区装卸系统高效运行提供指导。     

越南某电厂新建煤码头排水系统设计方案优化

越南某燃煤电厂为满足当地电力的发展需求,拟对电厂进行扩建,并新建煤码头及输煤系统。针对外方提供的新建煤码头排水系统设计方案,从技术和经济角度展开全面分析,指出外方设计的排水系统存在的不足。结合国内煤码头排水系统的习惯做法,通过对比分析,对外方设计的排水系统进行优化,以满足码头区域雨水和冲洗废水“零排放”的环保要求。     

天津港典型LNG码头海洋环境风险研究

文章针对天津港特殊的地理位置,周边敏感资源的特点,对天津港典型LNG码头的运输货种及燃料油的污染危害性进行了分析,对码头及船舶存在的风险进行了研究。运用Oilmap溢油轨迹和归宿模型,采用情景分析法假定溢油事故场景,对燃料油泄漏事故进行了模拟。根据研究结果,对天津LNG码头提出了风险的防范措施以及建议。     

Simulation of Transfer Organization of Urban Public Transportation Hubs

Transfer organization of public transportation terminals has played a more important role in urban transportation management and planning. The micro-simulation software, VISSIM, is designed to model the pedestrian transfer in the Xizhimen Public Transportation Terminal (Beijing, China) in this paper. Four problems are found in the case study: severe disturbance between pedestrians and traffic flows, long transfer distances, bus waiting time and great traffic flow density. The paper proposes some measures for the solution to the problems, such as increasing the departure frequency of buses, building the crossing-street infrastructure for pedestrians, shortening transfer distances. The simulation result shows that the proposed methods in this paper are valuable in improving the efficiency of the transfer organizations of the Xizhimen Public Transportation Terminal (Beijing, China).     

虹桥综合客运枢纽车道边规模论证与仿真评价

采用理论计算与软件仿真相结合的方式,依托对现有虹桥机场与浦东机场车道边上落客特征调查数据分析,对规划中的虹桥枢纽车道边的适用规模进行建模论证,并通过仿真软件对不同车道边形式的集散效果进行评价,可为虹桥综合客运枢纽的规划设计提供理论和技术支撑。     

成人界嵴形态与组织结构的观察

目的　观察和测量人右心房界嵴和梳状肌的形态和组织结构 ,以探讨其可能的功能。方法　肉眼观察、测量界嵴与梳状肌的有关形态学数据。利用光学显微镜 ,通过HE、Masson和磷钨酸 苏木素染色 ,对界嵴的细胞形态和纤维方向等进行细致观察。结果　①根据界嵴的隆起状况 ,界嵴可分为 4类 :A .全程隆起 (18.6 % ) ;B .上 2 / 3隆起 ,下1/ 3平坦 (2 7.9% ) ;C .上 1/ 3隆起 ,下 2 / 3平坦 (34.88% ) ;D .全程平坦 (18.6 % )。②界嵴的肌纤维可分深、浅两层 ,深层肌纤维纵行 ,与界嵴长轴平行 ;浅层纤维横行 ,仅见于界嵴的中、下部 ,深 浅层纤维之间互相联系。在界嵴各处可见P样细胞。③根据梳状肌的起止和走行 ,梳状肌可分为 3型 :汇聚型、网状型和混合型。结论　窦房结上、下及其深面借过渡纤维与界嵴的普通肌纤维相互联系 ,界嵴纤维可能与结间冲动传导有关。梳状肌走行方向的多样性 ,可能与临床上心脏电流传导的多向异性有关     

集装箱码头规划设计的计算机模拟

在改扩建集装箱码头工程规划设计过程中,建立了计算机动画模拟模型,并进行了一系列的模型试验。结果发现,码头极限年通过能力为1 5×106TEU,制约因素是堆场容量,适当增加拖挂车数量有助于提高船舶装卸作业效率,以临海路集装箱堆场为进口箱补充堆场,码头和补充堆场统一协调运作,年通过能力可以因此提高到2 0×106TEU。应用结果表明该模型是可行的。