朝阳洲地区路基处治措施及评价

道路工程中遇到不良路基时必须经过相应的技术措施处理才能达到技术标准。分析南昌市朝阳洲地区高含水量路基对道路工程的影响,提出不良路基处理的一般技术措施及其注意事项。     

Does the income elasticity of road traffic depend on the source of income?

An extensive body of literature addresses the income elasticity of road traffic, in which income is typically treated as a homogenous quantity. Here we report evidence of heterogeneity in cross-sectional estimates of the elasticity of vehicle-kilometres of travel (VKT) with respect to income, when household income is disaggregated on the basis of income source.The results are generally intuitive, and show that the cross-sectional income elasticity of road traffic is not homogeneous as is typically specified in transport planning models. We show that in a number of circumstances the cross-sectional elasticity with respect to aggregate household income is of the opposite sign in comparison to more refined estimates of elasticity disaggregated by income source. If further research confirms that the elasticities we report here are causal in nature, neglecting the elemental effects could result in misleading results affecting practical infrastructure-investment and policy decisions, particularly as the mix of income sources shifts (e.g. if, as society ages, pension income increases as a share of all income).These results are of interest to both researchers and forecasters of travel demand, as well as designers of future travel survey instruments; the latter group must decide how to generate data about respondents’ income. Current expert guidance is to collect a single estimate of aggregate income at the household level. Future travel survey design choices will bound the analyses that can be supported by the resulting survey data, and therefore methodological research to re-visit the trade-offs associated with such choices is warranted.     

锚下有效预应力检测取值的试验研究

锚下有效预应力为评价预应力施加是否合格的关键技术指标,但检测方法并不统一,检测的可靠性、准确性尚不明确。通过对工程界常用的拐点法、最小应力跟踪法和夹片位移法进行理论分析和试验分析,夹片位移法最适用于锚下有效预应力的检测,而拐点法检测误差及重复性均不满足需要,最小应力跟踪法应慎重使用,可作为工程界进行锚下有效预应力检测的参考依据。     

公路隧道CFD建模火灾研究与实验验证

以一段实体隧道为背景，建立计算流体动力学模型，模拟了60 L汽油火灾产生的温度场及其变化，并通过实验进行了比较。温度的模拟值和试验值无论是同一高度不同地点，还是同一高度不同时刻，在总体变化趋势上基本是一致的，而且模拟值相对试验值而言，对工程实际是偏于安全的。实验证明所建立的CFD模型是可靠的，可用于下一步大规模火灾的研究。     

电梯用电计量原理与分摊方法

根据电梯工作原理和工作过程,通过设置与电梯工作状态相关的计量及其控制器件,对楼宇交通状况分析和做相关实验,将电梯实际用电情况用数学方法进行计算,合理地将楼宇电梯用电费分摊至电梯使用住户。     

Adapting interactive stated response techniques to a self-completion survey

We report here on how we adapted Interactive Stated Response Methods to use in a self-completion survey of 454 California households to measure the market for electric vehicles in California. Electric vehicles are a novel product and have many features unfamiliar to consumers, in particular their home recharging capability and limited range. Reflexive techniques were designed to draw households into a deeper exploration of the lifestyle implications of electric vehicles than can be done in more typical self-completion surveys, and to stimulate key decision processes previously observed in detailed gaming interviews with 51 households. Reflexive self-completion techniques provide a middle course between typical large sample quantitative surveys and small sample, detailed gaming interviews. One of the benefits of the more intensive techniques was that participants reported finding the surveys interesting and return rates were high for a self-completion approach – over sixty percent. We review previous transportation and sociological methods which inspired our design, describe the design goals and features of our research, and summarize research results pertinent to testing the validity of our approach.     

The quality of survey data: Telephone versus face-to-face interviews

Those designing surveys and producing data have always been concerned about its quality. The increasing stringency of the financial constraints which affect public authorities and the increased scope of involvement in the regulation of urban travel has led us to pay even greater attention to the quality of data. This issue is frequently covered in the literature on survey methods. However, comparisons between different survey methods are more rarely conducted. The decision to conduct such an analysis is partly the result of the development of telephone use to the detriment of other survey modes in many countries and also the development of Computer-Aided Telephone Interviewing (CATI) which facilitates the running and monitoring of the survey.This paper examines several aspects of this question in order to compare the performance of telephone and face-to-face interviews. The first aspect is the representativeness of the sample, and therefore relates mainly to the issue of nonresponses and the choice of a sample base. The second concerns the accuracy of the information and involves the choice of a survey area and the recording of all trips, including short-distance travel. Finally, the quality of data is obviously determined by the quality of the responses given by those interviewed.The answers we give frequently depend on the objective of the surveys, which leads us to put forward a table which summarizes the performance of telephone and face-to-face interviews on the basis of the main objective of the survey. Broadly, the telephone seems to be the favoured tool for surveys in the area of transport planning and surveys which aim to provide data for forecasting models, mostly on the grounds of cost. However, face-to-face techniques are often preferred for surveys which aim to discover and analyze the factors which explain individual travel behaviour.     

租船运输业务与法律课程专业双语教学调查问卷评析

为提高学生英语水平,突出我院办学特色,对管理系国航专业租船运输业务与法律课程双语教学进行问卷调查。对开展双语教学是否有必要、教学质量、教材质量、教师水平、双语授课的比例、教学时数、建议和看法等方面广泛征求学生的意见,大部分学生认为开展双语教学有必要,既提高了外语水平,又提升专业知识和能力。对双语课程教学质量、双语教学的教材、教师的知识水平表示满意；认为双语教学应保证质量,稳步增加。通过问卷调查,也发现学生对教师所讲知识的掌握程度不理想；过半学生未提前预习和课后复习所要讲授的内容。     

复式拱桥加固与保护设计

以重庆市石柱县过蛟龙古拱桥与现代新拱桥迭合而成的复式拱桥的加固与保护设计为例,通过现场病害调查、合理计算模型的探讨找出病害所在及病害产生的原因,提出了桥梁加固与保护所采取的方法。     

复杂形状海洋浮体水动力系数计算

网格划分是水动力计算的关键环节,文中针对复杂形状海洋浮体提出了一种湿表面网格划分方法.对于有复杂首尾结构的浮体,用型线重构的方式在首尾生成曲面构成所需要的截面线,将通用建模工具和NURBS曲线拟合相结合,生成相贯结构的相交线;然后,用分片法生成浮体湿表面及内自由面网格,并独立表达各自的速度势以处理不规则频率现象,进而进行水动力系数计算.计算结果表明,上述处理方式很适合复杂形状海洋浮体水动力系数的计算.