轨道预载对梯式轨道系统减振效果影响试验研究

插入损失是评价轨道减振效果的重要指标,与轨道所受荷载形式及测试环境密切相关。为分析轨道减振性能的室内试验中预载对动力响应及减振效果的影响,建立了简化的理论模型实现定性分析。同时,基于实验室定点锤击试验定量分析了预载值对条铺、点铺两种浮置梯式轨道减振效果的影响。研究结果表明:在整体刚度符合设计标准条件下,减振产品刚度越低其减振效果越好。施加预载会导致轨道减振元件刚度变化,显著改变系统的振动特性,降低减振轨道的工作频率。锤击荷载作用下,浮置梯式轨道系统的插入损失随着预载的增加而增大,当预载值达到一定程度后,Z振级插入损失趋于稳定。     

高速铁路弹条疲劳对其扣压力的影响

高速铁路弹条长期在循环荷载作用下工作,不可避免地出现疲劳,弹条的疲劳将对其扣压力产生影响。本文以WJ-7型扣件弹条为例,首先对弹条进行静力试验分析,运用应变电测法测量出弹条在不同的安装预紧力作用下其危险部位的等效应力大小,得出弹条较为合理的安装预紧力为25 kN;然后使用疲劳试验机对弹条施加3种循环荷载分析其扣压力的损失,并根据疲劳试验结果给出了不同循环荷载作用下弹条扣压力与弹条中圈位移间的关系式。     

站区到发线无缝线路稳定性现场测试与计算分析

以在武汉纸坊站和武昌南站进行道床横向阻力现场测试获取的标准道床横向阻力不同的测点实测数据作为初始参数,利用有限元软件建立无缝线路稳定性有限元模型并进行计算,分析站区无缝线路的稳定性。研究结果表明:轨枕端头道砟缺失区段标准道床横向阻力偏小,且容许温升小于规范要求,应及时维修;利用移动加载车进行定点静态加载试验,推导出轨枕横向位移与车测钢轨横向位移的线性关系;通过移动加载试验,提出移动加载时轨枕横向位移不应大于0.60 mm的限值;通过理论计算得出移动加载时的轨枕横向位移曲线,现场发现轨枕横向位移超过0.60 mm的区段道床明显破坏,应及时补充道砟并捣固以确保无缝线路的稳定性。     

无砟轨道聚合微粒吸声板研究

分析聚合微粒吸声材料特性,采用阻抗管试验研究吸声板厚度、材料颗粒大小、空腔设置对吸声系数的影响规律,确定聚合微粒材料的关键参数,首次采用聚合微粒材料研发一种无砟轨道降噪吸声板并确定其几何尺寸、表面设计及强度设计。提出采用拱形空腔提高吸声板的承载力且拓展其吸声频段;通过配置纤维钢筋增强吸声板的安全冗余;通过材料与结构的综合设计使吸声板兼具微孔吸声、共振吸声和干涉消声功能,增强了吸声效果。混响室试验表明,吸声板降噪系数为1.0;实车试验结果表明,测试速度为60~170 km/h时距轨道中心线25 m处吸声板降噪4.0~4.4 dB(A),降噪效果显著。     

《思想道德修养与法律基础》课程项目化教学探索

《思想道德修养与法律基础》课程实施项目化教学,以项目为导向、以团队合作学习为依托,契合"基础"课的性质特点,有利于实现"基础"课的教学目的。项目化教学强调全员参与,做到主导性与主体性相统一;贴近大学生实际,做到统一性与多样性相统一;突出任务驱动,做到理论性和实践性相统一;促进学生全面发展,做到知识、能力和素质的统一。     

A cognitive framework to plan for the future of transportation

ABSTRACT

Automated, connected, electrified, and shared mobility will be cornerstones of the transportation future. Research to quantify the potential benefits and drawbacks of practice, and to identify barriers to adoption, is the first step in any strategic plan for their adoption. However, uncertainties, complexity, interdependence, and the multidisciplinary nature of emerging transportation technologies make it difficult to organize and identify focused research. The contribution of this work is a cognitive framework to help planners and policymakers organize broad topics, reveal challenges, discover ideas for solutions, quantify potential impacts, and identify implications to guide preparation strategies. The authors provide example cognitive frameworks for connected, automated, and electrified vehicles.     

不同速度条件下高速铁路动车组振动响应和平稳性分析北大核心

动车组车体振动加速度是表征车辆运行状态的重要参数,也是评价车辆平稳性的关键指标。本文基于实车试验和仿真计算数据,研究不同速度条件下动车组车体振动加速度分布及时频域响应特征,得出了车体振动加速度和出现频次之间的函数关系,获取了轮对周长、轨道板长度、简支梁跨度等车体及线下基础设施周期性不平顺激励引起的车体振动响应与动车组运行速度的相关性特征。通过平稳性分析,得出了动车组平稳性和舒适度指标随动车组运行速度提升的变化规律。研究成果可为线路全程舒适性评估和线路方案优化提供支撑。     

Prediction of seasonal maximum wave height for unevenly spaced time series by Black Widow Optimization algorithm

The present study aimed to predict the maximum seasonal wave height by new integrative data driven methods. For this purpose, two data-driven techniques, that are, the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and the Support Vector Regression (SVR), were applied, and a BWO algorithm was used as an integrated method (ANFIS-BWO and SVR-BWO). In addition, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm was used as a method integrated with SVR and ANFIS (SVR-PSO and ANFIS-PSO) to compare the performance of the newly developed methods (ANFIS-BWO and SVR-BWO). The wave data were collected in different seasons by a buoy station deployed in the southern Baltic Sea by the Institute of Hydro-Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Seasonal simulations were performed to investigate the effect of seasons on the maximum wave height. The wave data constituted an unevenly spaced time series. The maximum wave height was modeled using the maximum wave height period (T_max), the significant wave height (H_s), the significant wave period (T_s), and time steps (Δt). The results showed that the application of BWO and PSO algorithms increased the accuracy of ANFIS and SVR by about 18.45%. Moreover, the results show that PSO increased the accuracy of ANFIS and SVR by about 17.98% and 21.59%, respectively. The results of different runs indicated that the BWO is more stable to reach the global solution than PSO. The results also show that show that SVR-BWO is the most accurate model.     

炭质页岩隧道循环式高压注浆预加固技术

针对层状炭质页岩地层中隧道围岩破碎,遇水易软化等特点,依托郑万高铁罗家山隧道,通过方案比选,确定了采用循环式高压注浆预加固技术;同时对注浆参数进行了多工况的现场试验,明确了采用"稀浆(水灰比3∶1)劈裂,浓浆(水灰比0.5∶1)灌注"的施工方法,确定了相应的岩体注浆参数;注浆施工时应采用高压风代替传统清水清孔,浆液配置时通过添加减水剂来减少水的用量。实践表明,采用循环式注浆预加固处理后,浆液沿层理扩散且能形成较高强度的结石,有效控制了围岩变形,为隧道的安全施工提供了保障。     

大轴重下钢轨铝热焊接头伤损原因与改进措施

通过宏观形貌观察、化学成分测试、踏面硬度测试、显微组织观察、扫描电镜分析、能谱成分测试等方法,结合铝热焊接头服役过程中的平直度数据,对35.7 t轴重重载试验条件下半径350 m曲线上股的铝热焊接头伤损进行分析,并对铝热焊焊接工艺进行优化试验.结果表明:断口裂纹源附近的疏松缺陷是焊接接头轨距角剥离裂纹伤损产生的原因;焊...