Fundamentals of vehicle–track coupled dynamics

This paper presents a framework to investigate the dynamics of overall vehicle–track systems with emphasis on theoretical modelling, numerical simulation and experimental validation. A three-dimensional vehicle–track coupled dynamics model is developed in which a typical railway passenger vehicle is modelled as a 35-degree-of-freedom multi-body system. A traditional ballasted track is modelled as two parallel continuous beams supported by a discrete-elastic foundation of three layers with sleepers and ballasts included. The non-ballasted slab track is modelled as two parallel continuous beams supported by a series of elastic rectangle plates on a viscoelastic foundation. The vehicle subsystem and the track subsystem are coupled through a wheel–rail spatial coupling model that considers rail vibrations in vertical, lateral and torsional directions. Random track irregularities expressed by track spectra are considered as system excitations by means of a time–frequency transformation technique. A fast explicit integration method is applied to solve the large nonlinear equations of motion of the system in the time domain. A computer program named TTISIM is developed to predict the vertical and lateral dynamic responses of the vehicle–track coupled system. The theoretical model is validated by full-scale field experiments, including the speed-up test on the Beijing–Qinhuangdao line and the high-speed running test on the Qinhuangdao–Shenyang line. Differences in the dynamic responses analysed by the vehicle–track coupled dynamics and by the classical vehicle dynamics are ascertained in the case of vehicles passing through curved tracks.     

汽车座椅头枕强度CAE分析及优化设计

建立了汽车座椅有限元分析模型,根据GB115502009《汽车座椅头枕强度要求和试验方法》,对座椅头枕及骨架的强度进行了仿真分析,并根据试验结果对模型进行了试验设计,改进了座椅的结构参数。结构改进后的仿真结果表明,在满足国标要求的前提下,新结构有效地提高了座椅头枕及骨架的强度。     

沥青路面水损坏分析及防治措施研究

沥青路面的水损坏是路面使用过程中的一种常见病害。分析路面结构内部水分来源以及沥青路面水损坏的影响因素,通过测定沥青的三大指标以及沥青混合料的劈裂抗拉强度,证明水分的侵蚀对沥青及其混合料造成的影响,并提出防治路面水损坏的措施以加强沥青路面水损坏预防,对于提高路面使用性能,延长路面使用寿命具有重要的实际意义。     

正交试验设计在侧面碰撞安全性仿真分析中的应用

摘要：采用正交试验与有限元仿真结合的方法,将某乘用车的侧碰改进问题归纳为一个7因素2水平的优化问题,进行了8种优化设计方案的计算,应用极差分析法对结果进行分析和整理,找到了对本车的侧碰性能影响显著的部件。最后,制定了最终的改进方案,计算结果表明,该方案在考虑成本的前提下实现了侧碰安全性的提升。     

节段预制桥梁胶接缝配筋剪力键剪切性能试验

针对节段预制桥梁胶接缝设计普遍采用剪力键作为连接形式,制作3组共计16个匹配预制的胶接缝剪力键试件,考虑剪力键键齿齿目、键齿配筋形式以及是否配有体内束3种因素,进行直剪试验研究,以得到这些因素对胶接缝的开裂荷载、极限荷载、变形、裂缝开展模式以及最终的破坏模式的影响规律。研究结果表明：与素混凝土键齿胶接缝相比,三键齿配筋的胶接缝剪力键抗剪承载力平均提高4.52%,双键齿配筋胶接缝剪力键抗剪承载力平均提高8.73%,而布置体内束的胶接缝剪力键的抗剪承载能力提高率能达到18.6%,远大于键齿配筋;剪力键键齿配筋和布置体内束可以明显提高剪力键破坏时的延性,降低开裂荷载与极限荷载的比值,改变开裂形式;键齿处配筋使得剪力键的破坏形式从原来的素混凝土键齿根部脆性破坏变为键齿配筋处的保护层脱落破坏;布置体内束,键齿中的裂缝增多,尤其是斜裂缝发展更加充分和密集。为了方便预测胶接缝剪力键的抗剪承载能力,根据胶接缝的传力机理,依据莫尔-库仑摩擦破坏准则,并结合AASHTO规范与Buyukozturk的试验研究成果,提出了预测胶接缝配筋剪力键直剪承载力的抗剪承载力计算公式,同时将分析结果与试验结果进行对比,吻合良好。     

调距桨桨毂螺栓材料试验研究

根据调距桨桨毂用螺栓的使用环境和受力状态,对其常用三种材料的工艺性能、力学性能以及在海水中的抗腐蚀性能和疲劳断裂性能进行了比较试验和研究分析,为不同条件下调距桨桨毂用螺栓的选材提供参考.     

公路隧道火灾自动检测设备试验研究

根据公路隧道的运营特点,分析了影响火灾自动报警系统准确、及时报警的主要因素,提出公路隧道火灾自动报警设施的试验方法.     

硒对实验性肝损伤保护作用的研究

采用综合法建立慢性肝损伤动物模型，分组观察硒对实验性肝损伤的影响。结果表明：①补硒组谷丙转氨酶降低，血清白蛋白回升，肝组织病理改变减轻；②补硒组动物肝组织硒含量及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）活性显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；③超微结构显示补硒组比对照组也有明显改善。表明硒具有保护肝损伤和促进肝细胞再生的作用。     

Wave impact underneath horizontal decks

The problem of water impact on a fixed horizontal platform deck from regular incident waves was studied. Two-dimensional potential flow was assumed, and the resulting boundary-value problem was solved by three alternative numerical methods, a method based on a generalization of the impact theory by Wagner, and two different nonlinear boundary-element methods. The Wagner-based method used a von Karman approach during the water exit phase, i.e., when the wetted surface decreases. Experiments of the impact on an idealized platform deck have been performed to validate the theory. Comparisons show that the Wagner-based method yields good results for the water entry phase, when the wetted deck area increases, but poor results when the wetted area diminishes. The boundary-element methods compare well with experiments for the entire impact process. A Kutta condition is necessary at the aft body–free surface intersection during water exit and when the flow separates from the aft edge. Gravity effects matter for the water exit phase.     

钢-混凝土组合结构在沈阳市东西快速干道工程中的应用

沈阳市东西快速干道工程为减少满堂支架施工对路口交通的影响 ,同时 ,也为了保证整个高架桥梁高一致 ,决定采用钢 -混凝土组合结构。针对该结构的负弯矩区桥面板易引起开裂的问题 ,提出各种处理方法 ,并据此予以结构设计。