基于网络单纯形法的海运集装箱空箱调运研究

海运集装箱空箱调运使集装箱班轮公司支付了高额的成本.针对目前的现实情况,从降低集装箱空箱调运过程中成本的角度,对海运集装箱空箱调运问题进行优化,使用线性规划的方法,对集装箱空箱调运过程中空箱的进出港、中转构建模型,结合所构建的模型,给出相关的算例,根据给定的数据计算出结果验证了所构建模型的合理性.     

内河水上危险货物集装箱运输监测系统研究

水上危险货物集装箱监控系统应具有水上危险货物集装箱状态监控信息采集、预报警、信息远程传输、远程监控与应急决策支持等功能,其框架应为4层架构,即信息采集层、现场监控层、信息传输层、远程监控层。文中分析了构建内河水上危险货物集装箱运输监控系统的关键技术,设计了信息采集与传输层的硬件电路,提出了开发远程应急管理系统的支撑技术与决策模型方法。     

Transformations and continuities of issues related to Chinese participation in the global seafarers’ labour market

Since the 1990s, Chinese seafarers have become a force to be reckoned with in the global seafarer labour market, particularly against the backdrop of the manning crisis. Compared with other groups of seafarers dominating the market such as the Filipinos and the Indians, they are commonly associated with perceptions of low cost, poor English skills, different safety/work culture, problems with the International Transport Workers’ Federation, etc. This article identifies transformations and continuities of problems related to Chinese seafarers in the global market in the last two decades or so by reviewing relevant Lloyd’s List reports as well as official documents and previous research. The review shows that Chinese authorities have been taking various initiatives to take advantage of the manning crisis and to expand and promote seafarer education, supply and export, which in general serve to make seafarers better educated and improve their communication skills. Although such initiatives have helped increase seafaring labour export, the success is nevertheless limited by tight government control on recruitment, which makes some foreign managers reluctant to employ Chinese seafarers.     

The limited scope of seaborne cargo liability regime: new political–economic environments in the 21st century

ABSTRACT

Since the 1920s, seaborne cargo liability regimes have introduced a small number of mandatory rules into international carriage of goods by sea, through the Hague–Visby Rules, to restrict freedom of contract. These rules worked within a limited scope to offset imperfect competition in the shipping markets. However, the recent Hamburg and Rotterdam Rules attempted to extend this scope of seaborne cargo liability regime, which seems to be more extensive than is desirable. This article compares and examines the shipping sub-sectors’ environment and maritime economics over the past century up to date. The new business patterns of the shipping sub-sectors, the rising influence of developing countries, and the containerisation are creating new shipping environments for this area of law. Compared with previous decades, imperfect competition is only found in a smaller number of areas within the shipping markets nowadays. This article argues that only a limited scope of application is needed for international seaborne cargo liability regime. Thus, these new economic and political realities call for innovative modifications to the recent rules regarding the scope of application, and future regime should refocus international uniformity on a limited scope.     

The reform of Chinese state-owned ship crewing agencies and implications for China’s seafaring labour export

ABSTRACT

With the economic reform in China, the international shipping industry and some academics anticipated, as early as the 1990s, that Chinese seafarers would flood the world’s seafaring labour market. However, China’s seafarer export has been far lower than these expectations. This article seeks to explain this lack of development through research into the management strategies of two major ship crewing agencies in China, which have been reformed to different degrees, and the experience of the seafarers who work for them. To examine this question, 86 interviews of managers and seafarers were conducted in two Chinese state-owned crewing agencies (SCAs) between 2008 and 2013. The studies demonstrate that despite the economic reform in China, the SCAs were still supported and constrained by institutions at higher levels, instead of becoming independent, market-oriented economic entities, which constrained the development of foreign manning business. This partly explains the limited rate of increase of China’s seafarer export.     

山地城市平交口进出口道设计方法研究

鉴于平交口的车行压力大,通过对平交口进出口道设计优化进行研究,并提出相应的措施,能较大提高平交口的通行能力,有效缓解山地城市平交口排队过长的现象.     

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所谓混堆模式下集装箱堆场箱位指派问题,是指混堆模式下,在待作业箱区为已知情况的前提下,确定集装箱在指定箱区中的最优堆存位置,以最大限度地控制堆场倒箱率,提高堆场装卸作业效率.在滚动式计划的基础上,充分考虑了不同作业箱型与倒箱作业的内在联系,依据堆场混堆的作业规则定义了作业箱优先等级,以新增集装箱压箱数最小为目标对此问题构建了箱位指派优化模型,基于问题自身的特点设计了相应的启发式算法进行求解,通过实际算例进行验证.验证结果表明,该模型及算法比港口现有混堆堆存策略有较大改进.     

中国瓷器外销与“海上瓷器之路”发展的历史轨迹

中国瓷器在唐代中期开始通过"海上丝绸之路"大量运销海外,在宋、元时代,随着中国瓷器生产和贸易的飞跃发展,"海上丝绸之路"也逐步拓展为航程更远、船舶更先进、影响更大的"海上瓷器之路",直到明代郑和下西洋时期达到鼎盛状态。瓷器大量外销是中国航海和造船技术进步的原动力,其相互影响、相互促进的内在规律是值得我们深入研究的重要课题。     

一种Oracle数据库异常迁移现象的解决方法

针对一种较为异常的Oracle数据库迁移现象,利用EXP/IMP、UltraEdit工具给出相应的解决方法.     

客车出口认证电磁兼容测试

根据所开展的客车出口认证电磁兼容测试实践,阐述客车出口认证中涉及电磁兼容性能的标准法规,分析客车出口认证检测中的宽带辐射发射、窄带辐射发射和电磁辐射抗扰度的电磁兼容测试内容,提出客车出口认证试验中常见电磁兼容问题的解决方案。