城市机动车出行交通总成本研究

通过分析机动车交通的社会成本构成要素,提出外部成本为交通的社会成本中不可忽视的部分,并界定各要素具体边界及范围,由此所构建的各组成部分的计算模型,可为政府部门制定相关的交通政策提供依据.     

Analysis Method of External Traffic Demand in City Area

To overcome the disadvantages of the existing method, a “dual four-stage” method” is put forward to analyze external traffic demand in city area considering the characteristics of external traffic. The method is carried out by two steps, and in the first step the city area is regarded as an overall traffic zone and the “four-stage” method of regional traffic demand analysis is used to obtain the total generation volumes of internal-external (IE) & external-internal (EI) trips of city area as well as the traffic volumes of both directions of all the arterial highways through the city in planning years. In the second step, the planning area of city is divided into several parts as internal traffic zones, and the external traffic zones are set near the junctions of highways and cordon line, then the “four-stage” method is applied for the second time to obtain the trip generation and distribution of IE & EI trips and (external-external) EE trips for internal traffic zones and external traffic zones in planning years. The application of the analysis on external traffic demand for comprehensive transportation planning of Zhenjiang City shows that the proposed method combines the advantages of influence area method and Cordon Line method it overcomes disadvantages of the two methods, and the results are more consistent with the real situation.     

具有值机功能的轨道交通机场线车站布局方案

近年来,随着国内机场客流量的高速增长及城市轨道交通建设步伐的加快,各大、中城市也开启了轨道交通机场线的建设。结合国内外机场提前值机的概念,以西安北客站至咸阳国际机场的轨道交通机场线为例,分析了值机客流的特征,研究了具备提前值机功能的轨道交通机场线车站布局的3个可行性方案,并指出了实现机场功能外移所存在的问题。     

旅客列车空调硬座车厢内热舒适性研究

空调车内气流组织研究是车厢内环境控制的基础，合理的气流组织可有效地改善乘客的热舒适性。采用k-ε湍流模型，对载客车厢内三维空气流场和温度场进行了数值计算，在此基础上利用PMV（Predicted Mean Vote）指标分析了车厢内人体热舒适性。计算结果表明：在现有的条缝送风条件下，除车厢中部和两端外，车厢内气流分布比较均匀；由于回风口位于车厢两端，车厢中部和端部PMV分布不同，端部人体热舒适感较好，中部较差；座位区由于人员集中和受太阳照射的影响，温度较高，PMV值偏大；过道区温度适中，人体热舒适感较好。研究结果对空调车内气流组织优化设计和改善人体热舒适环境有一定参考价值。     

绞吸式挖泥船外力计算软件及应用

介绍了绞吸式挖泥船外力计算软件的基本原理和功能,以2 000 m3/h绞吸式挖泥船为研究对象,把软件计算得到的结果与实际测量结果作比较,两者非常接近.设计者可以参考该软件计算得到的外力值合理选取相关的设计参数,同时也为结构计算提供了依据.     

桥梁体外预应力筋极限应力计算方法的评价与分析

根据现有的体外预应力混凝土试验梁数据,在理论分析的基础上对既有的多组体外预应力筋极限应力简化计算公式进行验证分析。通过对比分析可找出一组与试验结果吻合最好的极限应力计算公式。在此基础上再考虑现行桥梁结构设计的安全系数,可用以指导桥梁体外预应力结构的工程设计。     

Instabilities in imperfect thick cones subjected to axial compression and external pressure

The paper presents results of a numerical study into the buckling resistance of geometrically imperfect mild steel cones subjected to: (a) axial compression only, (b) lateral external pressure only, and (c) axial compression and external pressure acting simultaneously.Initial geometric imperfections are taken in the form of the eigenmode, `a single wave' extracted from the eigenmode and localized smooth dimple modelled analytically. Load carrying capacity of imperfect models is computed using the Finite Element proprietory code.Buckling strength of axially compressed and imperfect cone is only 55% of geometrically perfect model. Buckling strength of a cone subjected to lateral pressure, on the other hand, amounts to 43% of the corresponding value of perfect model. But it is the shrinkage of stability plot of imperfect cone which was found to be significant. For imperfect cones subjected to combined axial compression and external pressure, the collapse envelope shrinks by 48% with the elastic sub-set being reduced by 51%.     

基于非线性有限元分析的新型锚固块设计

锚固块是体外预应力桥梁的关键构造之一.目前采用的锚固块都是由钢筋混凝土构成,其体积和自重较大,受力较复杂,一定程度上约束了体外预应力在桥梁上的应用.借鉴钢锚箱在斜拉桥索塔上应用的成功经验,采用理论计算和非线性有限元分析相结合的方法对体外预应力混凝土桥梁的钢锚箱进行设计和计算.结果表明,钢锚箱可用于体外预应力混凝土桥梁,其自重只有混凝土锚固块的50％,该结果可为体外预应力桥梁钢锚箱设计提供参考.     

体外预应力碳纤维条（带）加固方法研究

系统研究体外预应力碳纤维条（带）快速加固方法中体外预应力的产生和加固机理,提出体外预应力张拉力的算法和加固构件极限承载力的计算公式。介绍采用本加固方法的试验梁与采用CFRP条（带）普通粘贴加固方法的试验梁的加载破坏试验,在相同试验条件下,通过对比试验研究证明本方法加固效果显著,经济性更好,具有很高的推广应用价值。     

高速公路桥梁加固技术探析及应用

广东省某高速公路A匝道桥在定期检测中,被评为三类结构,如何对该桥梁进行加固以及提高其承载力成为桥梁管理者的首要任务。通过该桥的加固实例,介绍了桥梁体外预应力加固技术,并通过荷载试验,检验桥梁体外预应力加固技术的应用效果。