Application of traffic microsimulation for evaluating safety performance of urban signalized intersections

The primary objective of this paper is to provide a statistical relationship between traffic conflicts estimated from microsimulation and observed crashes in order to evaluate safety performance, in particular the effect of countermeasures. A secondary objective is to assess the effect of conflict risk tolerance and number of simulation runs on the estimates of countermeasure effects so obtained. Conflicts were simulated for a sample of signalized intersections from Toronto, Canada, using VISSIM microscopic traffic simulation and several crash–conflict relationships were obtained. A separate sample of treated intersections from Toronto was used to compare countermeasure effects from the integrated crash–conflict expression to a conventional, but rigorous crash-based Empirical Bayes before-and-after analysis that was already done, with the results published, for the same sites and treatment. The countermeasure considered for this investigation involved changing the left turn signal operation for the treated intersection sample from permissive to protected-permissive. The results support the view that countermeasure effects can be estimated reliably from conflicts derived from microsimulation, and more so when a suitable number of simulation runs and conflict tolerance thresholds are used in the crash–conflict relationship.     

施工及环境因素诱发污水处理池差异沉降及渗漏风险

针对地基变形特征及其引发的大型污水处理池混凝土结构破裂渗漏风险，研究人工降水、开挖与桩基加固、滨海潮汐地下水渗透等条件下的地基变形特性，并建立地基变形基本方程及多因素综合影响下的统一函数表达式。结合上海白龙港污水处理厂工程，分析了工程区域施工及环境因素可能产生的地基变形及其对结构受力的不良影响。结果表明：i）地基变形曲率对结构受力产生直接影响，曲率半径越小，结构的附加应力越大、致裂风险越高；ii）结构高度越大，对地基弯曲变形的反应越敏感；iii）结构抗弯刚度突变处，应力集中程度高、局部应力超限风险增大。     

发光二极管的工作原理及在组合仪表上的应用

阐述发光二极管的发光原理、影响发光二极管颜色的因素及发光二极管的选型方法。     

Public transportation development and traffic accident prevention in Indonesia

Traffic accidents have long been known as an iceberg for comprehending the discrepancies of traffic management and entire transportation systems. Figures detailing traffic accidents in Indonesia, as is the case in many other countries, show significantly high numbers and severity levels; these types of totals are also evident in Jakarta, the highest-populated city in the country. While the common consensus recognizes that traffic accidents are the results of three different factor types, namely, human factors, vehicle factors, and external factors (including road conditions), human factors have the strongest influence—and figures on a worldwide scale corroborate that assertion. We, however, try to pinpoint the issues of non-human factors in light of increasing traffic accidents in Indonesia, where motorbike accidents account for the majority of incidents. We then consider three important pillars of action: the development of public transportation, improvement of the road ratio, and traffic management measures.     

南宁市城市道路建设的影响因素分析

文章以南宁市“十二五”期间城市道路网建设规划为例,根据城市道路建设的影响因素类别,剖析并协调道路建设的重大影响因素,并通过指标测算确定了规划期内道路网建设的合理规模.     

2070t/h对冲燃烧超临界锅炉NO_x排放特性试验研究

针对湖南某电厂2 070 t/h对冲式燃烧超临界锅炉NOx排放过高的情况,对其进行了燃烧试验,分析了省煤器出口氧量体积分数、二次风开度、机组负荷、燃尽风开度等运行因素对锅炉燃烧及NOx排放特性的影响,在单因素较优方案下做了多因素变化对NOx排放影响的试验研究.试验结果表明:省煤器出口氧量体积分数、燃尽风开度和机组负荷对锅炉NOx排放质量浓度有十分显著的影响;随着省煤器出口、SAR入口之前的氧量体积分数的上升,NOx排放质量浓度表现为比较明显的上升规律;随着机组负荷的升高,NOx排放质量浓度表现为先升高后降低.通过设置不同的二次风配风方式、燃尽风开度等运行方式,得出该锅炉的NOx排放特性,从而降低NOx排放.     

基于解释结构模型的绿色供应链驱动研究

随着环境压力的增大,绿色供应链日益成为一个重要的理念。本文考虑了目前业内专家认定的绿色供应链驱动因素,通过分析驱动因素的自相关性和相互之间的可达性,建立了绿色供应链的解释结构模型,并通过MICMAC象限图具体分析各因素的驱动层次,以期为绿色供应链的实施提供科学依据。     

软基路段工后沉降量影响因素相对重要度分析

结合公路工程建设期实际情况,对可引起软基路段工后沉降量过大的影响因素进行分析。基于不同约束下样本的评价值与最优值之间相关系数最大原则,借助聚类分析方法、粗糟集理论、专家系统知识,建立了一个影响因素相对重要度评定模型。实例分析结果表明,在诸多工后沉降影响因素中,软土层厚度对工程后期沉降量影响最大,预压时间次之,填土高度的影响相对较小。     

机场道面混凝土抗表面剥落试验研究

为研究机场道面混凝土抗表面剥落性能,借鉴国内外相关试验方法,采用盐冻法对四种强度等级的道面混凝土进行抗表面剥落性能试验研究,系统分析了抗表面剥落试验的影响因素,并设计了适用于机场道面混凝土的抗表面剥落试验方法,为道面混凝土抗冻耐久性设计提供依据。     

非线性主成分改进算法的公路施工定额影响因素分析

通过分析公路施工定额现场测定原始数据的差异性及引起差异性的各种影响因素,基于改进的非线性主成分算法,对各影响因素进行分析.在辅助软件SPSS的支持下,结合实例,得出影响施工定额测定因素的归类解释,可为实际定额测定过程中某道工序的测定规程及主要影响因素提供参考.