学习策略与大学英语教学

学习策略是影响外语学习效果的重要因素,正确的使用学习策略能提高学习者的学习成绩,增强他们的学习动机和学习的自主性。本文讨论了学习策略的内涵、分类及影响因素,并得出了应在学习策略的指导下进行大学英语教学这一结论。     

利用有限元对6200柴油机功率提升前后缸盖强度的对比分析

建立了6200柴油机缸盖的实体模型和有限元模型，利用发动机热力仿真软件、CFD软件与有限元软件的交叉计算为气缸盖的强度计算提供了温度场和传热系数分布等边界条件。在此基础上，对柴油机功率提升前后气缸盖在预紧工况、热-机械耦合作用及爆发-热-机械耦合作用下承受的最大拉应力情况进行了计算分析，确定了各影响因素在缸盖上产生最大拉应力的主要位置。对气缸盖的疲劳强度安全系数进行了计算分析，为生产部门进行柴油机功率的提升提供了理论参考。1000h的可靠性实验证明了计算结果的合理性。     

Effect of attitudes, habit and affective appraisal on mode choice: an application to university workers

Traditionally, car use and modal choice, in general, have been studied under the random utility framework, assuming that individuals choose a particular mode based on their own socio-economic characteristics and the attributes describing the available options. This approach has originated useful models which have been able to explain modal split. However, at the same time, it has received critics because of its poor characterization of human behaviour and the weakness of its assumptions. Research has suggested that socio-psychological factors could help to understand better the choice process. In this paper, attitudinal theory and its link to human behaviour were used to select attitudes, habit and affective appraisals as explanatory variables. They were measured using ad-hoc instruments, which were combined with a revealed preference questionnaire, in order to obtain information about the traveller and the chosen mode. This instrument was applied to a sample extracted from staff members of the University of Concepcion, Chile. Analyses of attitudinal variables showed that car use habit was positively correlated to attitude and positive emotions towards car, implying that breaking the vicious circle of car use through persuasive techniques might be difficult. Estimation of discrete choice models showed that attitudinal variables presented a significant contribution to modal utility, and helped to improve both fitness and statistical significance. Results showed that choice can be influenced by factors related to attitudes and affective appraisal, and that their study is necessary in order to achieve an effective car use reduction.

城市轨道交通轨道曲线超高计算及其程序实现

城市轨道交通存在着线路条件复杂、车辆变速较快、运营模式多样等特点,导致轨道曲线超高设计面临着诸多不同的复杂工况。在总结超高计算原则及超高要素限值的基础上,探讨单一速度模式、多种速度模式、缓和曲线进入有效站台等不同工况下超高计算方法并实现计算程序化,结论为:根据不同工况合理选择超高要素限值,单一速度模式宜采用平均速度法,多种速度模式宜采用优化的接近高速法,缓和曲线进入有效站台应以站台端部超高不大于15 mm作为限制条件,采用计算机语言实现超高计算程序化可有效提高设计效率。     

明挖地铁车站结构计算影响因素分析

以某明挖地铁车站为例,运用ANSYS参数化设计语言APDL建立了多种主体结构计算模型。对比结构计算过程中各因素对计算结果的影响,包括主体结构形式、地层分层、围护结构、计算模型尺寸、混凝土强度等级5个方面的计算和其他影响因素的定性分析。结果表明,是否考虑围护结构受力对结构计算影响明显,尤其是侧墙内力值差异很大;地层差异明显时如继续按加权平均计算土压力,会使底板和下侧墙内力产生明显差异;混凝土等级对结构受力影响较小,局部会产生内力偏差,但影响有限。最后针对以上各因素的影响,提出结构设计处理建议。     

Applying multiple kernel learning and support vector machine for solving the multicriteria and nonlinearity problems of traffic flow prediction

This article proposes to develop a prediction model for traffic flow using kernel learning methods such as support vector machine (SVM) and multiple kernel learning (MKL). Traffic flow prediction is a dynamic problem owing to its complex nature of multicriteria and nonlinearity. Influential factors of traffic flow were firstly investigated; five‐point scale and entropy methods were employed to transfer the qualitative factors into quantitative ones and rank these factors, respectively. Then, SVM and MKL‐based prediction models were developed, with the influential factors and the traffic flow as the input and output variables. The prediction capability of MKL was compared with SVM through a case study. It is proved that both the SVM and MKL perform well in prediction with regard to the accuracy rate and efficiency, and MKL is more preferable with a higher accuracy rate when under proper parameters setting. Therefore, MKL can enhance the decision‐making of traffic flow prediction. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

南宁市城市道路建设的影响因素分析

如何科学合理地进行城市道路网建设是目前城市建设的核心问题。文章以南宁市十二五期间城市道路网建设规划为例,介绍了城市道路建设影响因素的类别及内容,分析了交通基础设施建设、重大项目建设、旧城改造、管网建设、外围城镇发展等与城市道路路网建设的相互关系,并通过指标测算确定规划期内道路建设的合理规模。     

发光二极管的工作原理及在组合仪表上的应用

阐述发光二极管的发光原理、影响发光二极管颜色的因素及发光二极管的选型方法。     

预应力锚索锁定损失影响因素的灰色关联度分析

通过现场实测数据,总结了预应力锚索的锁定损失影响因素.运用灰色灰色系统理论的关联度分析方法,分析了锚索的锁定荷载、自由段长度及锚固段长度对预应力锚索锁定损失的影响.结果表明:张拉荷载对预应力锁定损失的影响最大,其次是锚索自由段长度,锚固段长度对预应力锁定损失最小.本文的研究结果可为今后类似工程提供借鉴.     

2070t/h对冲燃烧超临界锅炉NO_x排放特性试验研究

针对湖南某电厂2 070 t/h对冲式燃烧超临界锅炉NOx排放过高的情况,对其进行了燃烧试验,分析了省煤器出口氧量体积分数、二次风开度、机组负荷、燃尽风开度等运行因素对锅炉燃烧及NOx排放特性的影响,在单因素较优方案下做了多因素变化对NOx排放影响的试验研究.试验结果表明:省煤器出口氧量体积分数、燃尽风开度和机组负荷对锅炉NOx排放质量浓度有十分显著的影响;随着省煤器出口、SAR入口之前的氧量体积分数的上升,NOx排放质量浓度表现为比较明显的上升规律;随着机组负荷的升高,NOx排放质量浓度表现为先升高后降低.通过设置不同的二次风配风方式、燃尽风开度等运行方式,得出该锅炉的NOx排放特性,从而降低NOx排放.