Estimating the influence of common disruptions on urban rail transit networks

With the continuous expansion of urban rapid transit networks, disruptive incidents—such as station closures, train delays, and mechanical problems—have become more common, causing such problems as threats to passenger safety, delays in service, and so on. More importantly, these disruptions often have ripple effects that spread to other stations and lines. In order to provide better management and plan for emergencies, it has become important to identify such disruptions and evaluate their influence on travel times and delays. This paper proposes a novel approach to achieve these goals. It employs the tap-in and tap-out data on the distribution of passengers from smart cards collected by automated fare collection (AFC) facilities as well as past disruptions within networks. Three characteristic types of abnormal passenger flow are divided and analyzed, comprising (1) “missed” passengers who have left the system, (2) passengers who took detours, and (3) passengers who were delayed but continued their journeys. In addition, the suggested computing method, serving to estimate total delay times, was used to manage these disruptions. Finally, a real-world case study based on the Beijing metro network with the real tap-in and tap-out passenger data is presented.     

媒体网关在港口通信中的应用现状及前景

为适应发展需要，提高服务水平，港口通信网络在具备媒体网关的基础上引进软交换技术已成为一个趋势。介绍了综合接入媒体网关系统的功能及具体应用，媒体网关与软交换联接后对下一代港口通信网络发展的作用。     

罕遇地震作用下高速铁路减隔震简支梁桥合理计算模型的探讨

以往在分析减隔震桥梁的地震响应时,由于考虑到桥墩和基础应保持弹性工作状态,在基于强度的设计中偏于安全考虑桥墩一般采用毛截面刚度建立弹性梁单元模型。实际上,在罕遇地震作用下,桥墩墩底截面虽然未达到屈服状态,仍然会出现保护层混凝土开裂,并导致桥墩刚度降低。此时,应考虑对桥墩刚度进行适当修正以估计桥梁的各项地震响应参数,这也有利于实现减隔震桥梁基于位移的抗震设计。结合西部高速铁路中典型的简支梁桥结构形式,分别采用弹塑性纤维梁柱单元、弹性梁柱单元、考虑刚度修正的弹性梁柱单元模拟桥墩建立3种计算模型,探讨适用于罕遇地震作用下的高速铁路减隔震桥梁的合理计算模型。结果表明,当罕遇地震作用下桥墩位移延性超过0.5时,考虑刚度修正的弹性梁柱单元模拟桥墩的计算模型能够较好地估计桥梁各项地震响应参数。     

Trip generation and distribution: the inconsistency problem and a possible remedy

There are many shortcomings commonly associated with the conventional urban transportation modeling process. This paper focuses on one of the more important problems — the inconsistency between trip generation and distribution components — and suggests a possible way of alleviating it. The suggested approach involves sorting out the independent effects on tripmaking of origin, destination and travel cost characteristics, and introducing accessibility measures explicitly into the modeling process. The resulting modeling framework can be used to obtain consistent estimates of trip generation and distribution quantities which are responsive to changes in the transportation and spatial systems.     

炭纤维复合叠层铝板的制备工艺和实验研究

综合评论了从ＡＲＡＬＬ发展到新一代复合叠层铝合金板的进展。实验研究了新一代的叠层铝板－－炭纤维复合叠层铝板的制备工艺，并提供了所制备的炭纤维复合叠层铝板的性能。结果表明：这种铝板具有ＡＲＡＬＬ板的各种优点，能改进ＡＲＡＬＬ的一些缺点，它的各种性能指标皆优于铝合金板，因此可望取代高强度铝合金板而广泛应用于各类工程项目之中。     

Contents Index Volume 35 and 36

Active safety systems would benefit from tyre force and friction potential information. Different sensor concepts, including, among others, the EU–funded Apollo–project developed tyre sensor based on optical position detection, are being studied. The sensor can measure tyre carcass deflections with respect to the rim. The carcass deflections can be used to calculate tyre forces and they may be exploited in the estimation of friction potential. The waveforms of the sensor signal are illustrated. The vertical and lateral force estimations are presented with unavoidable compensation parts. The tyre sensor measurements were compared to the measurement–vehicle results and good correlations achieved. Continuing activities are concerned with the estimation of friction potential and the detection of aquaplaning.     

高速铁路精密工程平面控制网复测方案

高速铁路由于运行速度快对铁路的平顺性要求很高,所以对铁路的控制测量相应地提出了很高的要求,与传统的测量方法、精度要求等存在一定的区别。该文主要介绍新建沪昆铁路客运专线精密工程平面控制网复测方案,可供同行参考。     

一种高效的Ad Hoc网络链路层数据级联方法

在Ad Hoc网络条件下,受接入层效率及高误码率等客观因素影响,链路层传输性能较低。针对这一问题,提出了一种高效的链路层数据级联方法,使发端的数据既能更好地匹配接入层协议,得到较高的吞吐量,又能减少高误码率对传输性能的影响。理论及仿真结果表明：与传统的数据级联方法相比,该方法可获得更高的链路层吞吐量,提升了Ad Hoc网络链路层的传输性能。     

Incorporating Driver Behaviors in Network Design Problems: Challenges and Opportunities

The goal of a network design problem (NDP) is to make optimal decisions to achieve a certain objective such as minimizing total travel time or maximizing tolls collected in the network. A critical component to NDP is how travelers make their route choices. Researchers in transportation have adopted human decision theories to describe more accurate route choice behaviors. In this paper, we review the NDP with various route choice models: the random utility model (RUM), random regret-minimization (RRM) model, bounded rationality (BR), cumulative prospect theory (CPT), the fuzzy logic model (FLM) and dynamic learning models. Moreover, we identify challenges in applying behavioral route choice models to NDP and opportunities for future research.     

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高速铁路为人们提供了一种高效的运输方式.本文借鉴弹性系数法的相关理论,首先运用广义费用函数测算样本中高铁开通前后两地区综合客运成本的变化,结合两地区高铁开通前后客运量的变化得到了运输成本弹性系数,用于衡量两地区对于高铁开通的迫切性程度,从而在另一个层面衡量高铁建设的可行性.然后根据运输经济学及新经济地理学的相关理论,从人口、距离、人均GDP差异、平均人均GDP和产业结构相似度5个维度对样本的运输成本弹性系数进行建模,运用神经网络的方法来拟合其对运输成本弹性系数的影响情况,并以此为依据来测算北京市和张家口市对即将开通的京张高铁的迫切性程度.