基于灰关联理论的橡胶粉改性沥青热老化性能研究

基于灰关联理论,分析橡胶沥青制备工艺对橡胶沥青老化性能的影响。为保证橡胶沥青老化性能研究的准确性,采用"孤立变量法",通过固定其他因素并变换单个因素进行试验,分析各种因素对橡胶沥青性能的影响。采用灰关联分析方法对多组数据进行关联度分析,研究各影响因素与橡胶沥青老化性能的关联度大小,确定影响橡胶沥青老化性能的关键因素。     

Transient switching control strategy from regenerative braking to anti-lock braking with a semi-brake-by-wire system

Regenerative braking is an important technology in improving fuel economy of an electric vehicle (EV). However, additional motor braking will change the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle, leading to braking instability, especially when the anti-lock braking system (ABS) is triggered. In this paper, a novel semi-brake-by-wire system, without the use of a pedal simulator and fail-safe device, is proposed. In order to compensate for the hysteretic characteristics of the designed brake system while ensure braking reliability and fuel economy when the ABS is triggered, a novel switching compensation control strategy using sliding mode control is brought forward. The proposed strategy converts the complex coupling braking process into independent control of hydraulic braking and regenerative braking, through which a balance between braking performance, braking reliability, braking safety and fuel economy is achieved. Simulation results show that the proposed strategy is effective and adaptable in different road conditions while the large wheel slip rate is triggered during a regenerative braking course. The research provides a new possibility of low-cost equipment and better control performance for the regenerative braking in the EV and the hybrid EV.     

基于关联规则的居民公共交通依赖性致因分析

鉴别不同出行者对公共交通的依赖程度,并分析其形成的致因差异,有助于从规划设计、政策制定等维度针对性地改善公共交通服务质量。设计并实施了居民出行的行为调查（revealed preference,RP）线上问卷,在数据质量检验的基础上引入关联匹配技术,通过融合出行调查数据与公共交通出行交易数据实现了个体公共交通出行链提取。提出了公共交通依赖性度量指标与关键致因指标,构建了AGNES-Apriori模型开展公共交通依赖性分级与不同层级群体强关联规则挖掘,并据此提出了公共交通依赖性层级提升的“两阶段”框架及出行激励策略集。结果表明：①居民公共交通依赖性可被划分为低、较低、较高和高依赖性4个层级,不同层级对应的强关联规则间具有显著差异性;②关联规则包含的指标数量与3个参数值呈负相关关系,高依赖性强关联规则出现的概率为低依赖性的2.1倍;③家和目的地到站点总距离、收入、小汽车可用性等客观条件是影响居民公共交通依赖性的关键致因,而公共交通出行低自由度是导致居民公共交通依赖性降低的重要原因;④较低的客观条件指标值通常促使居民形成较高的公共交通依赖性;⑤小汽车低可用性变量主要出现在公共交通低、高依赖性群体对应的强关联规则中,而高依赖性群体随其小汽车可用性增强可能出现公共交通依赖性降低的趋势。     

围岩侧限对自膨胀锚杆性能影响效应研究

大掺量膨胀剂水泥浆作为锚固体的新型自膨胀高强预压锚固技术可显著提升锚杆抗拔力,为研究该技术在围岩侧限条件下的锚固性能,研发了模拟地应力条件下岩体锚固的装置及方法,并开展了不同围岩侧限等级、不同膨胀剂掺量条件下锚固体膨胀应力实时监测及拉拔试验,分析了膨胀应力演化规律、锚固破坏形态及抗拔力提升机理、锚杆界面力学特性及锚固系统破坏耗能规律。结果表明:①内界面应力存在随时间的损失效应,损失率随掺量呈线性递减的关系;定义了协同应力,指出内界面应力峰值与协同应力峰值存在滞后时差,并从应力传递的角度解释了其力学机制。②拉拔过程中微扩头卡在锚孔内并不断上移形成了该锚固体系独特的荷载平台效应,极大提升了锚固系统的延性及破坏极限耗能值,并绘制了该效应的力学机制图;建立了自膨胀锚杆的极限抗拔力预测模型,指出初始侧限应力值对极限抗拔力呈指数式影响,表明在工程运用中侧限约束强的围岩能大幅提升锚杆极限抗拔力。③引入自膨胀影响系数λ、围岩侧限影响系数k,建立了自膨胀锚固体系的锚杆界面力学公式及能量方程,并结合算例验证了公式的可行性;得出0.7 MPa初始侧限应力条件下,ω=30%的锚固极限抗拔力较普通锚固提升了2.38倍,锚杆峰前位移量提高了1.08倍,锚固系统峰前耗能值提升了6.34倍。     

高职合作教学改革试验的调查分析与改进对策

文中主要采用问卷调查方式,就高职学生对合作教学的认知、态度和作用等问题进行调查,认为合作教学是一种有利于活跃课堂气氛、促进学生关键能力发展、提高高职教育教学质量的教学组织形式。     

A Novel Practical Cooperative Diversity Method for the Power-Limited Wireless Sensor Network

A novel practical cooperative diversity method for power-limited wireless sensor network system was proposed. At first, the system model was presented and the cooperation problem is formulated under the minimum outage probability criterion, then the focus was put on the power efficiency of system, such as the relay selection, cooperation strategy and power allocation etc. At last the uniform procedure of the proposed method was given. The results of the simulation clearly demonstrate that our method not only has the properties of simple operation and wide applying scope, but also outperforms those of current classical methods on the aspect of outage probability under the basis of the same power limitation.     

多制式轨道交通协同指挥中心的探讨

伴随城市群建设进程的加快,轨道交通建设呈多制式和网络化发展,多制式交通协同指挥系统是多制式交通协同运输的关键,提出打破传统各制式轨道交通间封闭的信息服务模式、运营组织方式及应急指挥体系,构建基于轨道快线、轨道普线和市域(郊)铁路多制式轨道交通一体化全方位监督和管理平台,并从管理体系、总体定位、系统架构、主要功能、支撑系...     

应用于车辆碰撞协同预警系统的定位与测距技术

近年来,基于专用短程通信技术的车辆碰撞协同预警系统的研究受到广泛关注,高精度、低延迟、高可靠性的车辆定位和测距信息是实现车辆碰撞协同预警的前提。介绍了多种定位与测距技术的研究进展,对比分析了其应用于车辆碰撞协同预警系统的适用性与局限性,提出了相应的解决方法和发展方向。     

车路协同环境下车辆前照灯自适应控制方法研究

针对现有自适应前照灯控制系统仅仅根据汽车行驶状态及转向盘触发车灯偏转,使得车灯偏转动作带有明显的滞后性的问题,引入车辆行驶前方道路线形信息,建立了车路协同环境下车辆前照灯自适应控制方法的系统。在不改变原有车灯控制系统执行机构的情况下,利用车路协同装置将线形曲率等道路信息提前传输给汽车,综合利用行车状态信息实时计算出车灯偏转角度,自适应调整灯光照明方向。经仿真结果表明,该方法可以更加主动精确的调整车灯偏转角度,减少视野盲区,提高行车安全性。     

An assessment of UK drivers’ attitudes regarding the forthcoming ban on the sale of petrol and diesel vehicles

The purpose of the study was to predict how drivers of petrol or diesel cars might vote in a ‘Yes/No’ referendum concerning the UK government’s decision to ban from 2040 onwards the sale of all new non-electric vehicles. Five main factors were hypothesised to influence voting intention: a person’s (i) level of environmental concern, (ii) attitude towards electric cars (measured via an Implicit Association Test), (iii) belief about the importance of air pollution, (iv) driving requirements, and (v) reaction to the cost of the ban to the individual (assessed using a contingency valuation approach). The study also examined possible determinants of attitudes to electric vehicles, e.g., whether an individual was a ‘technology enthusiast’, had prior knowledge of and searched for knowledge about electric vehicles, and whether a person had played an online game where the player assumed the identity of an electric car driver. A structural equation model was developed and tested on a sample of 675 UK drivers, none of whom had ever owned or driven an electric car. The results suggested a good fit of the model to the data, except that neither environmental concern nor belief in the importance of clean air affected attitude to electric cars. Also, high levels of environmental concern did not motivate people to search for knowledge about electric vehicles. Social marketing campaigns that will be needed to precede the ban should focus on its health benefits, and not target particular age groups, gender, or whether a participant had children.