Global Fish Trade,Prices, and Food Security in an African Coral Reef Fishery

This study evaluated the potential impact of global fish trade on local food prices by analyzing a 16-year locally collected time series of disaggregated coral reef fish products and prices that differed in their market chain linkages—ranging from local to international markets. We were primarily interested in evaluating how local and global markets interacted with the local prices of beef, fish, and maize. There was no cointegration between the prices of exported octopus and that of maize and beef over this study period. Further, the three types of fish and associated markets responded in different ways to various price changes. For internationally traded octopus, we found a positive association between price and catch rates but no evidence that the global trade in octopus markets created local inflation, particularly the prices of the fish eaten by the poor. In general, there was no evidence for price transmission from export to nonexport fish products even though fishers appeared to focus on octopus when prices were high. Consequently, fishers' behaviors and trade policies that promote adjusting fishing effort to internationally traded fish did not appear to promote poverty or food insecurity in this fishery.     

Adapting to Catch Shares: Perspectives of West Coast Groundfish Trawl Participants

Abstract

Catch share programs are used in fisheries management to meet goals such as species recovery, overcapacity reduction, and economic efficiency. Anticipated impacts include fleet consolidation, infrastructure reduction, and social disruption within communities. The Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Social Study (PCGFSS) aims to understand social changes related to the recently implemented West Coast Groundfish Trawl Catch Share Program. In this article, we use a subset of PCGFSS data to explore the ways remaining fishery participants have thus far adapted to catch shares. While some vessels have left the fishery, we found that many participants are adapting to this catch shares program despite challenges. Quota leasing strategies, fishery diversification, gear innovation, and community quota funds are some of the tools participants are using to continue operating under the catch shares program. These early challenges and adaptations to the catch share program are worthy of continued tracking, as researchers, managers, and fishing communities, would benefit by considering first-hand perspectives of the on-the-ground realities of harvesting groundfish in the rationalized fishery.     

Implementation Challenges for Quota Set-Asides: Policy Analysis to Inform Fisheries Management Decision-Making

Abstract

The implementation of catch share programs can have socio-economic and ecological benefits, yet may also change the distribution of those benefits within a fishery or across communities. Quota set-asides can mitigate the impacts of these changes. During the implementation of the West Coast groundfish trawl catch share program, 10% of the quota was set aside to be used toward five goals in the Adaptive Management Program (AMP). This quota was to serve as an insurance policy during the substantial changes that were expected to occur under the new management regime. However, this program has not yet been fully developed, in part due to delayed decision-making and the controversial nature of allocating quota. Here, we examine and score six policy options for the AMP against four criteria: effectiveness, flexibility, political viability, and implementability. While each of the options has strengths and weaknesses, those that ranked highly include allocating quota pounds (QP) via the status quo and via auction. Our results highlight the drawbacks of delaying contentious decisions, where uncertainty for participants can constrain operational decisions and subsequent economic gains. We demonstrate the utility of this decision-making framework for evaluating tradeoffs between alternatives, especially for a program with multiple, competing objectives.     

多功能远洋渔船主推进系统和电站配置研究综述

明确了多功能远洋渔船的发展前景及意义,结合中国远洋渔船发展现状提出了中国多功能远洋渔船主推进系统设计的四种可行性方案。分析了典型的多功能远洋渔船运行工况,并以此为基础给出了柴油机推进方案,电力推进方案,轴带发电机方案,以及混合电力推进方案研究方法。强调了每种设计方案的重点,并分析了每种方案优缺点,为后继开展更为深入的研究和实际工程应用提供了借鉴与参考。     

LNG动力渔船冷能回收利用技术研究

绿色航运已成为发展趋势,开展LNG动力渔船上LNG冷能回收利用技术研究,对LNG动力渔船的加速推广和节能减排具有重大意义。结合某型号LNG动力渔船的特点和相关参数,提出了三种LNG冷能利用系统方案,即直接回收利用系统、两级冷媒循环的整体式冷能利用系统和两级冷媒循环的分布式冷能利用系统,并对三种系统进行了技术探讨和对比分析。利用冷量分析了回收LNG冷能用于渔船冷库的优越性和可行性,并对冷能进行了匹配计算。结果表明,LNG动力渔船蕴含的冷能完全可以满足渔船上冷库冷负荷的需求,两级冷媒循环的整体式回收LNG冷能具有明显优势,且系统中冷媒一和冷媒二应分别为R410A和浓度为68%的乙二醇水溶液。     

远洋渔船营运作业的碳排放计算方法

通过分析远洋渔船复杂工况下的能源消耗特性,并结合政府间气候变化专门委员会的评估报告和全球变暖潜值,提出远洋渔船营运作业过程中的碳排放计算方法,提出远洋渔船低碳节能的建议和措施。     

南京市老城区老旧小区停车发展政策与策略

老城区老旧小区停车位配建水平普遍较低,合理制定老旧小区停车发展政策与策略是缓解其停车矛盾的根本措施。首先指出南京市老城区老旧小区普遍存在停车位缺额大、大量车辆转移停放至小区外围道路的问题。基于数据分析不同年代建设的小区停车供需的差异化特征。通过对老城区老旧小区停车趋势进行判断,提出综合治理、多元化、市场化的停车发展思路与策略。最后,从机制与政策、规划与建设、运行与管理等方面提出停车发展政策建议,具体包括通过制定相关政策,鼓励和引导小区建设和改造停车设施;引入交通影响评价制度,针对不同片区确定停车位扩容上限;强化停车秩序管理,以价格杠杆调节停车需求等。     

基于BP神经网络的渔港评估指标体系简化

为使渔港管理部门在进行渔港初步评估时节省人力、物力,对渔港评估指标体系进行简化,应用BP神经网络进行渔港评估。简化后的指标体系繁简适中,科学合理,结果符合实际,可供有关部门对渔港进行管理决策时参考。     

世界渔船发展概况

认为影响世界渔船发展的因素是海洋扑捞量、鱼类资源情况、渔业养殖业、联合国“海洋法公约”及各国资源保护政策等;这些因素的变化必然导致渔船在数量、种类、尺度及扑捞技术等方面做出相应的调整;针对现阶段我国渔船发展所面临的问题,给出相应的对策和具体的具体措施.     

加纳渔港码头供水和渔船含油污水量取值研究

中国援建非洲加纳首都阿克拉Jamestown渔港工程设计主要采用中国规范,兼顾当地规范.我国《渔港总体设计规范》和《渔港工程》设计规范中供水公式的符号有含义解释,但没有给出参数取值或数值范围,使设计人员无从入手计算水量.通过援建项目的设计完成,本文将供水用到的公式符号参考数据和小型渔船含油污水量整理出来,供大家参考.