多功能现代化渔港发展思路探讨

针对沿海省份提出研究建设多功能现代化渔港发展思路的需求,分析国内外渔港发展趋势,从功能定位与发展策略、选址要求与建设内容、建管机制、政策建议四个方面探讨了多功能现代化渔港的发展思路,为东南沿海试点建设多功能现代化渔港提供借鉴。     

渔船与商船碰撞事故原因分析

通过对大连港1991～2001年渔船与商船事故的统计,从事故等级、能见度、发生时间、地点、船舶等5个方面进行分析,总结出人的因素是导致事故发生的主要原因。故从严进行船员培训、提高船员素质、加强对船员的责任心教育、有效实施对船员的管理,是降低事故发生率、使航行更安全的有效途径。     

如何有效发挥渔船在海上搜救中的积极作用

介绍了浙江洞头辖区海上搜救现状和存在的困难,分析了制约渔船积极参与海上搜救的主要因素,对如何有效发挥渔船在海上搜救中的积极作用提出了几点建议。     

Succession of the ecosystems of the Aral Sea during its transition from oligohaline to polyhaline water body

During 22 field trips from 1990 to 2002 (mainly the western basin of the Large Aral) data on salinity, phytoplankton, zooplankton, zoobenthos and fish fauna have been collected. In 2002, the salinity of the western basin reached 75 ppt, while that in the eastern basin, 150 ppt. In 1999–2002, 159 species of planktonic algae have been recorded. This is approximately twice as low as recorded before. The diversity of Cyanophyta, Pyrrhophyta and Chlorophyta in particular has dropped in the past few years. As before, currently Bacillariophyta is the most diverse plankton. However, the composition of dominants has changed. Once previously dominant species, Actinocyclus ehrenbergii, vanished from the plankton of the Aral Sea and was replaced by such diatoms as Amphora coffeaformis, A. coffeaformis var. acutiuscula and Synedra tabulata var. parva.Since 1970s, a gradual decrease in the diversity of zooplankton has been taking place. Since 1997, the formerly dominant Calanipeda aquaedulcis vanished, which apparently was the reason for the emergence of Moina salina and Artemia parthenogenetica. Since 2000, artemia has been dominant in the plankton of the Aral Sea, constituting 99% of the zooplankton biomass.In the 1970–1980s, a rapid decrease in the biodiversity of the zoobenthos was observed. In the 1990s, most aboriginal and introduced species became extinct. Currently, the bivalve mollusk Syndosmya segmentum, the ostracod Cyprideis torosa and larvae of the dipteran Chironomus salinarius can still be recorded in the western basin. In the eastern basin no benthos is observed.By 1998, in the Large Aral, only five fish species survived: baltic herring Clupea harengus membras, flounder Platichthys flesus luscus, atherine Atherina boyeri caspia and bullheads Neogobius fluviatilis and Potamoschistus caucasicus. Since 2002, only flounder and atherina have been recorded in the western basin of the Large Aral. No fish have been recorded in the eastern part of the Aral Sea in 2002.With increasing salinity and transition of the Aral Sea from an oligohaline to a polyhaline water body, its biota is becoming drastically poorer. Almost all local species became extinct in the Aral; however, some still survive (including some endemics) in some lakes around the Aral Sea. In the near future, artemia will be the only animal in the Aral Sea.     

“科学管理”解决学校周边典型时段交通问题

中小学学校周边的交通问题具有时段性、集中性、交通安全性等典型特征。但是由于前期规划的前瞻性不足,学校往往坐落于城市社区内部,学校周边道路又以30 m以下次、支路为主,车行道宽度有限,学生上学路线的最后300 m往往因交通拥堵、秩序混乱变得异常困难。成熟社区用地控制严格,通过拓宽红线、设置专用通道的方案实施难度大。以大学南路小学周边道路为例,通过精细化管理、智能化管理、人性化管理等科学管理手段,对学校周边道路的交通组织进行优化。在现状有限道路资源的前提下,通过分时段单行、明确路权、典型时段禁停管理、鼓励步行等措施缓解典型时段内学校周边道路的交通矛盾,确保学校周边道路的交通安全性,为成熟社区内学校周边道路的交通优化管理提供有益的参考。     

基于无人机与卡车协作的封控社区生活物资配送方法

针对突发公共卫生事件情况下生活物资被病毒污染,小区内居民交叉感染及配送人员短缺等问题,本文提出一种基于无人机与卡车协作的封控社区生活物资配送方法。首先,规定无人机在完成每次配送后需要返回卡车位置处进行消杀,以配送过程中社区居民交叉感染风险和配送成本最小为优化目标,以配送服务完整性、无人机载货重量限制及生活物资时效性要求等为约束条件,建立混合整数规划模型,协同优化卡车额定载重、停靠位置、所需无人机数量和无人机组配送方案;然后,设计改进多目标粒子群算法求解模型,引入一种特殊的粒子编码方式,并耦合变异算子更新部分码位的粒子位置;最后,以长春市师范南园小区为例进行案例分析,从安全、配送成本、工作强度及一次性防控物资消耗等4个方面和卡车与人工协作配送模式进行比较分析发现,卡车与人工协作配送方法可以令社区居民交叉感染风险降低至少 91.8%,日配送成本降低16.9%,人力资源投入减少50%,一次性防护物资支出节约46.1%左右。     

水下捕捞机器人视觉系统发展趋势分析

为突破作业环境、劳动力等因素对渔业发展的制约,解决当前水下捕捞能见度低、机器人识别分辨率低等问题,促进渔业向现代化转型升级,从学术角度梳理、分析国内外水下机器人视觉系统关键技术发展趋势,为相关研究提供参考。基于CiteSpace软件,分别选取中国知网（China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI）的数据库和Web of Science的核心数据库的文献样本,从发文量、关键词共现图谱、关键词时间线图谱等方面完成可视化分析,并对水下捕捞机器人作业环境、视觉系统技术进行阐述。发文量和关键词时间线图谱表明,国内外水下机器人视觉系统关键技术的研发均经历初始阶段、探索阶段和成长阶段。关键词共现图谱表明,人机交互、识别算法设计等方面是水下机器人视觉系统相关研究的热点。未来,水下捕捞机器人视觉系统发展应聚焦智能化、自主化,重点解决目标检测优化、水生物数据库建立、数字化系统构建等多方面难点问题。     

玻璃钢渔船帽形骨材顶角变化对应力集中的影响

文章采用有限元方法,以玻璃钢渔船帽形骨材的剖面顶角α的值为变量,建立系列有限元模型,比较分析它们在相同载荷和边界条件作用下的计算结果,探讨顶角对根部应力集中的影响。研究表明,帽形骨材腹板与壁板连接处的应力在一定范围内,随顶角α值的增大而减小,但大于某极值以后,又会迅速增大,即帽形骨材腹板与壁板连接处的应力存在着一个最小的极值点。文章的研究方法以及所得到的规律对玻璃钢渔船帽形骨材的设计具有一定的参考价值。