柴油机电喷系统在渔轮上应用

渔轮柴油机上引入一种电子控制喷油系统,使柴油机较大地改善了燃烧效率和耗油量,并确保了渔轮柴油机的最佳工作性能.该文着重叙述了该系统的特点、渔轮柴油机的结构原理和试验测试获得的技术数据.     

天津中心渔港进港航道尺度论证与航道泥沙回淤研究

天津中心渔港作为一个新建海港,航道的选线恰当与否直接影响到工程投资及建成后的维护费用。为此,在充分认识中心渔港所在位置的自然条件的基础上,对进港航道尺度进行了论证,进而对航道拟选线路方案进行了泥沙回淤分析。研究表明,选择航道长度相对较短、航道走向和水流夹角尽可能小的航线可以明显减小工程后泥沙回淤强度。     

休闲渔船的技术指标研究

休闲渔船是新生事物,目前没有统一的法律及专业性规范加以约束管理。对休闲渔船的定义、现状、功能及主尺度进行了介绍与讨论,对其技术指标进行深入研究,供休闲渔船的设计、建造、管理者参考。     

Why Conservation Needs Religion

Conservationists have been criticized for failing to protect nature in the face of mounting threats including overexploitation, species loss, habitat destruction, and climate change. Resource managers and scientists have yet to fully engage a major segment of the global population in their outreach efforts to protect the environment: religious communities. The world's religions have been recognized as a surprising driver of support for conservation of biological diversity, and numerous examples demonstrate religious and conservation groups working together to achieve conservation outcomes. However, many conservation organizations do not effectively engage religious groups. When conservation organizations do engage religious groups, efforts to do so are often ad hoc and such partnerships may wane over time. A more systematic approach is needed that directly engages religious communities, develops effective partnerships, supports and sustains dialogue aimed at finding common ground despite potentially divergent worldviews, and establishes supporting mechanisms to maintain the partnerships that are developed. Effective partnerships between religious and conservation groups represent significant untapped potential which can directly support conservation outcomes; such partnerships are likely to become increasingly important with dwindling support for conservation.     

Ground-truthing social vulnerability indices of Alaska fishing communities

Abstract

Community vulnerability is increasingly evaluated through quantitative social indices, typically developed using secondary data sources rather than primary data collection. It is necessary to understand the validity of these indices if they will be used to inform policy and decision making. This paper presents a ground-truthing effort to validate quantitative indices that characterize the well-being of Alaska fishing communities. We utilized ethnographic data collected from 13 representative communities and a capital assets framework to ground-truth the indices, in which qualitative ranks of vulnerability were compared against quantitative indices. The majority (73.8%) of ranks were in complete or moderate agreement and the results indicate that most of the indices are representative of community vulnerability; yet some variables utilized to create the indices could be modified to better reflect realities in Alaska. Indices of commercial fishery engagement and reliance appeared to be more reliable than socio-economic indicators, particularly for smaller fishing communities. We also confirmed that the indices do not capture political, or ecological factors that affect levels of community vulnerability. We conclude that quantitative indices of community vulnerability are useful rapid assessment tools; however, they should be validated, and complemented with ethnographic data prior to their implementation as policy making and management tools.     

大型远洋拖网渔船拖网被动补偿系统的研究

拖网被动补偿系统是针对大型拖网渔船上拖网在作业中保持一定的网型而设计的装置。通过介绍拖网被动补偿系统的方案设计和工作原理,分析补偿系统的受力情况,构建重物位移与船体位移之间的数学模型;以及对补偿系统的重物位移和补偿效率进行仿真分析,从而得到蓄能器的体积和船体升沉的周期对补偿系统的补偿效率影响的仿真曲线,这为相关设计人员对拖网被动补偿系统的设计计算提供了理论指导。     

确保小型渔船安全的措施

针对小型渔船事故居高不下的情况，提出渔船如何防御台风、大风浪的侵袭；渔船在狭水道及能见度不良时要多用车、少用舵，增设船头了望人员，注意航行安全等措施，做好渔船的日常维护保养工作。     

Federal consistency and state expectations

Abstract

The requirement in the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 that federal projects be consistent with approved state coastal zone management programs is an important incentive for states to complete their programs. As a condition of program approval, states must first consult with the federal agencies concerned and provide opportunities for comment, with the hope of avoiding conflicts. The consistency requirement is also subject to various exceptions whose scope remains to be determined. One such exception of uncertain extent is the exclusion from the coastal zone of federal lands “the use of which is subject solely to the sole discretion ... of the Federal Government....”; Despite these uncertainties, however, the consistency provision represents a major change in federal policy, which has traditionally allowed federal agencies to operate largely without concern for state land or water use requirements.     

长江江阴段商船对渔船避让的安全措施研究

文中通过对渔船的种类及特点的介绍,结合单一商船和渔船碰撞的案例,分析了渔船和商船碰撞的主要原因,进而对商船航行在渔区时应采取的安全措施提出了一些建议。     

基于FSA原理的渔商船碰撞风险管理

采用FSA的原理对浙江省沿海渔船事故多发的实际情况进行全面的分析和评估,在确定海上渔船安全事故的危险源及影响因素的基础上,基于风险衡准建立各影响因素的风险矩阵,并确定高风险因素,最终提出相应的对策和可供参考的管理建议。