大型远洋拖网渔船拖网被动补偿系统的研究

拖网被动补偿系统是针对大型拖网渔船上拖网在作业中保持一定的网型而设计的装置。通过介绍拖网被动补偿系统的方案设计和工作原理,分析补偿系统的受力情况,构建重物位移与船体位移之间的数学模型;以及对补偿系统的重物位移和补偿效率进行仿真分析,从而得到蓄能器的体积和船体升沉的周期对补偿系统的补偿效率影响的仿真曲线,这为相关设计人员对拖网被动补偿系统的设计计算提供了理论指导。     

Ground-truthing social vulnerability indices of Alaska fishing communities

Abstract

Community vulnerability is increasingly evaluated through quantitative social indices, typically developed using secondary data sources rather than primary data collection. It is necessary to understand the validity of these indices if they will be used to inform policy and decision making. This paper presents a ground-truthing effort to validate quantitative indices that characterize the well-being of Alaska fishing communities. We utilized ethnographic data collected from 13 representative communities and a capital assets framework to ground-truth the indices, in which qualitative ranks of vulnerability were compared against quantitative indices. The majority (73.8%) of ranks were in complete or moderate agreement and the results indicate that most of the indices are representative of community vulnerability; yet some variables utilized to create the indices could be modified to better reflect realities in Alaska. Indices of commercial fishery engagement and reliance appeared to be more reliable than socio-economic indicators, particularly for smaller fishing communities. We also confirmed that the indices do not capture political, or ecological factors that affect levels of community vulnerability. We conclude that quantitative indices of community vulnerability are useful rapid assessment tools; however, they should be validated, and complemented with ethnographic data prior to their implementation as policy making and management tools.     

基于CFD技术的6000DWT渔业运输船设计研究

舟山万达船舶设计有限公司最近在设计一艘6 000 DWT渔业运输船时,采用了CFD技术辅助设计。首先对母型船的球鼻艏进行了型线优化,得到阻力最小船型。然后对得到的优化船型进行了一系列的水动力性能数值计算,包括阻力预报、螺旋桨敞水计算和自航因子预报。对数值结果和试验进行了对比,结果显示吻合较好。     

Making Landfall: Linkages between Fishing Communities and Support Services

The relationship between the fishing industry and the fisheries-related support service sector creates economic benefits for communities through the strong linkages between fishermen and their land-based suppliers and the induced or multiplier effects from fisheries revenue. The support service sector is embedded within fishing communities where the impacts of fisheries management changes are perpetuated. This article examines the potential for such impacts by evaluating the diversity of fishing gear use, ex-vessel revenue, presence of processing plants, public moorage, and haul-out or tidal grids, and the number of vessels in a community, in relation to the availability of support services in communities in Alaska. The results show that the presence of a processor and haul-out facilities in a community significantly affects the number of support service businesses; however, there is not a strong association with the number of vessels or ex-vessel revenue. One hypothesis is that fishermen often travel to other communities to obtain services. We evaluate this hypothesis using social network analysis to evaluate transfers of revenue for fishery-related goods and services. Ultimately, this informs the exploration of the importance of support service businesses and fishery-support infrastructure to the continued well-being of fishing communities.     

航海-捕捞模拟器在海渔专业实习改革中的应用

航海与捕捞生产实习是海洋渔业科学与技术专业人才培养的重要环节。文中针对传统出海实习存在的问题,提出了将模拟器应用到实习中的方案,论述了模拟器训练的细节和实习开展的完整过程。     

基于FSA原理的渔商船碰撞风险管理

采用FSA的原理对浙江省沿海渔船事故多发的实际情况进行全面的分析和评估,在确定海上渔船安全事故的危险源及影响因素的基础上,基于风险衡准建立各影响因素的风险矩阵,并确定高风险因素,最终提出相应的对策和可供参考的管理建议。     

远洋金枪鱼围网渔船总布置特征

在收集一些实船图纸资料,实船调查、总结和分析的基础上,阐述了远洋金枪鱼围网渔船总布置的基本原则及其特征,同时根据远洋金枪鱼围网渔船的渔捞作业特点,说明了渔捞设备布置形式和作业流程,以及"内胆式"浓盐水舱速冻作业流程及其特点.可为远洋金枪鱼围网渔船总布置设计提供参考.     

长江江阴段商船对渔船避让的安全措施研究

文中通过对渔船的种类及特点的介绍,结合单一商船和渔船碰撞的案例,分析了渔船和商船碰撞的主要原因,进而对商船航行在渔区时应采取的安全措施提出了一些建议。     

老旧小区改造案例分析

采用实际案例,介绍了老旧小区内部管网的特点及现状,提出了老旧小区内部管网改造的设计方向.通过具体实施老旧小区雨污分流,使其内部排水系统得到了完善,同时采用一定的海绵措施提升了小区环境.由此总结的有关城市水环境综合整治过程中的改造方案,可为后续类似工程提供借鉴.