商船与渔船碰撞分析及预防措施

本文通过对商船与渔船碰撞的季节、时间、水域分布、能见度等主要特征进行统计,分析了商船与渔船碰撞的主要原因,提出了预防和减少碰撞应采取的措施。     

A G/G(n)/C/C state‐dependent simulation model for metro station corridor width design

Metro station corridor and passengers are described as a G/G(n)/C/C state‐dependent queuing system with a general random arrival interval G and a general random and state‐dependent service time G(n) to offset the shortcomings in existing design methods. The corresponding G/G(n)/C/C state‐dependent discrete event simulation model is developed, and its high‐fidelity is tested. Then the optimization algorithm based on the simulation model is designed to determine corridor width. The proposed simulation optimization method and the existing analytical optimization methods, based on M/G(n)/C/C and D/D/1/C queuing models, are applied to design corridor width in a numerical example of 48 combinations of passenger flow rates and level of service (LOS). The designed corridor widths are tested in a micro‐simulation model, and the performance measure is compared. The result shows that the corridor widths obtained by the new method are 0.357 m (7.4%) larger than that of the other two methods on average; the area per passenger of the new method increases 10.53% and 11.63%, respectively, compared with that of the other two methods; the widths designed by the new method satisfy the requirement of LOS under various passenger flows, whereas 93% of the corridor widths obtained by the other two methods fail to meet the requirement of LOS, and the corridor widths designed by the new method have high elasticity coefficients of LOS‐width. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

节能减排视角下的公路运输周转量空间计量研究

针对公路运输面临节能减排的严峻形势,提出一种公路运输周转量的空间计量模型来分析公路运输周转量的空间相关性.首先,用空间自相关Moran指数法检验中国省域公路运输周转量的全域空间依赖性,然后,利用公路运输周转量的局域空间相关性检验确定空间集群效应高的地区.在此基础上,构建公路运输周转量的空间滞后模型和空间误差模型,分析省域公路运输周转量的影响因素.通过情景假设考察空间集群效应高的地区,公路运输周转量减少对周边地区的影响,以及其对全国节能减排效果的贡献.     

小型渔船靠离港航行中的避碰探讨

针对当前小型渔船存在的安全问题,分析了某商船与渔船会遇造成紧迫局面的成因,提出减少渔船碰撞事故的避让对策,降低船舶事故发生率,从而提高对小型渔船的安全管理水平.     

渔业船舶安全救助信息管理系统研究

渔业船舶安全救助信息管理系统以现有的通信技术、网络技术等为基础,采用分布式数据库管理系统和J2EE技术,统一管理各技术平台上的数据信息,设计并开发渔业船舶安全救助信息管理平台。     

平行跑道容量评估中跑道相关性的确定

阐述平行跑道相关性的机理,归纳各种制约平行跑道运行容量的因素,对比单跑道容量评估方法,针对不同运行模式提出容量评估思路。从实际工作和民航局标准的角度对评价方法进行简化。并以首都机场为实例验证评估方法。     

Fuel price changes and their impacts on urban transport – a literature review using bibliometric and content analysis techniques, 1972–2017

ABSTRACT

While the period of heightened oil prices in 2005–2014 has attracted considerable academic and policy attention, there is scant cross-disciplinary research considering energy price, transport and land use together. In car dependent societies many socio-economically disadvantaged areas often lack public and active transport accessibility. Emerging research focus has been placed on issues of transport equity including effects of fuel prices. We reviewed 45 years (1972–2017) of publications about fuel price impacts, transport, and urban context, drawn from Web of Science listed publications. Bibliographic citation analysis reveals eight major research clusters with a set of inter-city comparative studies at their centre. The historical evolution, geographical trends, research approaches and the key themes are revealed by context analysis. The paper highlights the need for further studies looking at energy, transport and land use interaction, and suggests a greater focus on transport equity.     

渔船刀型龙骨的应用分析

在渔船设计和建造实践的基础上,对刀型龙骨的新型结构特征进行分析,与传统的箱型龙骨结构做简要的对比,并提出改进的意见和建议。     

对于渔船避让的几点见解

阐述了大连——日本航线上经常遇到的渔船种类及作业特点,总结出针对不同种类的渔船在捕捞过程中应采取的必要措施,为以后在该航线上行驶的远洋船舶驾驶人员提供经验借鉴。     

Dynamite Fishing in a Marine Protected Area in Tanzania: Why Youth Perceptions Matter

Young men in coastal Tanzania are often blamed for damaging marine habitats by engaging in unsustainable and destructive fishing practices, including dynamite fishing, but their perceptions have not been sufficiently documented. While marine scientists, international environmental NGOs, and activists have called attention to the destructive fishing practices’ devastating impacts, insights into the contextual factors that motivate those who engage in dynamite fishing are limited. Additionally, risk perceptions and concerns regarding the environmental impact and dangers of dynamite fishing among the youth are also understudied. This paper provides ethnographic insights into the historical and contextual factors underlying dynamite fishing in rural coastal Mtwara. It draws on ethnographic data gathered through participant observation, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with residents from two neighboring coastal villages – one located inside a marine protected area (MPA), and another located outside the MPA’s boundary. The paper first examines the views of elderly men and women to provide the historical context of dynamite fishing in coastal Mtwara. It then juxtaposes youth perceptions regarding marine conservation and dynamite fishing in the two villages, vis-à-vis ongoing efforts to curb destructive fishing practices and to enhance marine biodiversity and ecotourism in the region. Results of the study reveal that unresolved tensions between the MPA authorities and local fishers surrounding enforcement practices and unfulfilled gear-exchange-related promises, and allegations of poor governance, are important contextual factors in the persistence of dynamite fishing. The paper concludes by articulating possible remedial measures to mitigate the tensions between youth concerns about their livelihoods, and the goals of marine biodiversity conservation as a way forward in preventing dynamite fishing.