加纳渔港码头供水和渔船含油污水量取值研究

中国援建非洲加纳首都阿克拉Jamestown渔港工程设计主要采用中国规范,兼顾当地规范.我国《渔港总体设计规范》和《渔港工程》设计规范中供水公式的符号有含义解释,但没有给出参数取值或数值范围,使设计人员无从入手计算水量.通过援建项目的设计完成,本文将供水用到的公式符号参考数据和小型渔船含油污水量整理出来,供大家参考.     

Strategic responses to institutional forces pressuring sustainability practice adoption: Case-based evidence from inland port operations

This article investigates strategic responses of inland ports to institutional forces pressuring their adoption of sustainability practices. We postulate that even though inland port operators strive for economic viability, there are growing pressures from various stakeholders for continuous enhancement of their environmental and social sustainability practices. We apply institutional theory to classify the effects of these forces based on five institutional antecedents – cause, constituents, content, control, and context – and further expand our theoretical framework with resource dependence tenets to discuss the spectrum of strategic responses available to inland ports to deal with institutional forces. We examine our theoretical arguments with empirical evidence collected from four inland ports using a case study-based approach. We conclude that while inland ports have a strong disposition towards social sustainability, economic considerations are still most emphasized, and environmental issues are mostly regarded in compliance with the legally mandated minimum. The most important sources of institutional pressure are identified as cause, constituents, and control. In a further step, we present evidence of the inland ports’ potential strategic responses. The study also provides insights for managers and policy makers on strategic options as appropriate organizational responses to proliferating institutional pressures for sustainability practices adoption.     

二氢埃托啡在治疗吗啡依赖鼠时的躯体依赖性

用强效阿片受体纯激动剂二氢埃托啡（DHE）对吗啡依赖小鼠进行实验性替代治疗,结果发现,吗啡依赖小鼠用DHE 168μg/(kg·d）治疗3d后,用纳洛酮催瘾,其小鼠跳台率、平均跳台次数和体重减轻均与吗啡递减组相近,而明显高于盐水对照组。表明,大剂量的DHE在治疗吗啡依赖小白鼠时有一定的躯体依赖性。     

基于AIS数据的渔业船舶碰撞风险度评估模型

构建一种渔业船舶碰撞风险度评估模型,并对其求解方法和计算流程进行设计.将该模型应用到基于船舶自动识别系统(Automatic Identification System,AIS)数据的渔业船舶安全管理与评价系统开发中,在系统中进行AIS数据库重构和数据深度挖掘,引入模糊数学方法和层次分析法,实现对渔业船舶碰撞风险度的科学评估和预测.测试结果表明:构建的渔业船舶碰撞风险度评估模型和开发的渔业船舶安全管理与评价系统可靠,预测的结果可信,可为渔业船舶的安全管理和评价提供科学的方法.     

南极磷虾捕捞加工船及装备发展现状和趋势

基于国内外南极磷虾产业的发展现状,不论是保证捕捞产量还是提高船载加工产品质量,提升南极磷虾捕捞加工船舶及装备的现代化水平是南极磷虾产业发展的必由之路。作为南极磷虾捕捞、加工的平台,专业南极磷虾捕捞加工船船型的升级换代必然会影响到我国南极磷虾产业的发展及在国际上的竞争力,因此有必要对我国南极磷虾捕捞加工船及配备的捕捞系统、加工工艺等的发展趋势进行探讨和分析。研究挪威南极磷虾产业发展路径不难得出,南极磷虾捕捞加工船的"极地化、专业化、大型化、绿色化"是必然趋势,而这种趋势也应是我国南极磷虾捕捞加工船船型及相关系统、工艺发展的主要方向。     

The role of urban form and transit in city car dependence: Analysis of 26 global cities from 1960 to 2000

Car dependence is in decline in most developed cities, but its cause is still unclear as cities struggle with priorities in urban form and transport infrastructure. This paper draws conclusions from analysis of data in 26 cities over the last 40 years of the 20th century. Statistical modelling techniques are applied to urban transport and urban form data, while examining the influence of region, city archetype and individual fixed effects. Structural equation modelling is employed to address causation and understand the direct and indirect effects of selected parameters on per capita vehicle kilometres travelled (VKT). Findings suggest that, while location effects are important, transit service levels and urban density play a significant part in determining urban car use per capita, and causality does flow from these factors towards a city’s levels of private vehicle travel as well as the level of the provision of road capacity.     

选择铁路方式出行的阻碍因素综述

研究表明,即使铁路出行是最具有成本效益的出行方式,许多出行者仍然会选择其他出行方式。这表明选择铁路出行方式存在一些与费用无关的阻碍因素。本文对有关这些阻碍因素重要性的文献进行了综述,这些研究主要来自英国,但也有一部分来自于其他国家。共确认了37种不同的阻碍因素,它们可以被划分为＂刚性因素＂、＂柔性因素＂与＂互补性因素＂。出行者通常不会只考虑其中的单一阻碍因素,而是将这些阻碍因素看成一个整体,由此使得对最重要阻碍因素的确认十分困难。很多情况下,对于某一出行者来说,所有存在的阻碍因素都需要在出行方式转移之前解决。在思考不同阻碍因素的相对重要性后,对克服它们并实现其他出行方式向铁路转移的最有效措施提出了建议。这涉及主要的交通政策,因为它能够为有限的可利用资金确定目标市场,从而影响出行行为并提高出行方式的可持续性。     

时间依赖型绿色车辆路径问题研究

城市配送系统中考虑交通拥堵和环境污染车辆路径问题的时间依赖性体现在：不同道路 拥堵程度下车辆运行速度不同,则不同出发时间对应的运输总时间也不同,导致运输成本和造成 的环境污染也有较大差异。因此,本文提出一个时间依赖型绿色车辆路径模型,通过优化运输路 径和出发时间降低运输成本、减少环境污染。模型的目标函数最小化包括油耗成本在内的运输 总成本,其中,车辆油耗的度量基于综合模式排放模型,其创新之处在于,定义了允许车辆在节点 处等待的情形,使车辆选择合适的时间出发以规避拥堵,即通过优化车辆路径以及路径上各节点 处的出发时间寻求成本最优的运输方案。本文提出嵌套遗传算法求解模型,外层遗传算法优化 路径,内层遗传算法优化路径上各节点处的车辆出发时间。并通过响应面分析法(RSM)调试算法 关键参数,得到适用于模型的最佳参数搭配,算法性能测试结果表明了本文算法的高效性。本文 基于污染-路径问题实验数据库进行数值实验,结果证明,允许车辆在客户处等待并选择合适时 间出发,可以在一定程度上降低燃油消耗和总成本。此外,目标函数中引入油耗要素,可以有效 降低决策方案的燃油消耗,减少环境污染。     

Longer-term changes in mode choice decisions in Chennai: a comparison between cross-sectional and dynamic models

The rapid and continuing changes in travel and mobility needs in India over the last decade necessitates the development and use of dynamic models for travel demand forecasting rather than cross-sectional models. In this context, this paper investigates mode choice dynamics among workers in Chennai city, India over a period of five years (1999–2004). Dynamics in mode choice is captured at four levels: exogenous variable change, state-dependence, changes in users’ sensitivity to attributes, and unobserved error terms. The results show that the dynamic models provide a substantial improvement (of over 500 log-likelihood points and ρ² increases from 44% to 68%) over the cross-sectional model. The performance was compared using two illustrative policy scenarios with important methodological and practical implications. The results indicate that cross-sectional models tend to provide inflated estimates of potential improvement measures. Improving the Level of Service (LOS) alone will not produce the anticipated benefits to transit agencies, as it fails to overcome the persistent inertia captured in the state-dependence factors. The results and models have important applications in the context of growing motorization and congestion management in developing countries.

渔船与商船碰撞事故原因分析

通过对大连港1991～2001年渔船与商船事故的统计,从事故等级、能见度、发生时间、地点、船舶等5个方面进行分析,总结出人的因素是导致事故发生的主要原因。故从严进行船员培训、提高船员素质、加强对船员的责任心教育、有效实施对船员的管理,是降低事故发生率、使航行更安全的有效途径。