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对于缅甸的仰光市而言,鉴于其新的快速轨道交通系统对于缓解城市现在以及将来的交通压力方面的作用,本文将依据SP调查数据对其居民出行方式选择行为进行研究。与发达国家相比,由于发展中国家诸如收入等社会经济环境因素变化相对较快,这就要求我们无论在调查方法还是模型构造上都要反映出这种交通行为决定因素的影响。因此,此次SP调查首先在设计就反映出了将来的收入以及其他服务水平属性变化的影响;同时,也相应地进行了RP调查。接下来,要对一个RP/SP相结合的交通方式选择模型进行标定;在这个模型中,出行时间和费用的参数被分别定义为将来收入的函数。此次SP（以及RP）调查选在仰光市的一个住宅区进行,时间是2003年3月。调查结果显示,与其他交通方式相比较,被调查的人对新的快速轨道交通系统显示出了极大的偏爱。利用调查上来的数据,本文对所提出的模型结构的有效性进行了验证。另外,模型对将来的模拟分析结果显示：随着收入的增加,将来仰光市小汽车的使用将有一个很大的增加,而新的快速轨道交通系统的利用将因此减少。     

Using Socioeconomic and Fisheries Involvement Indices to Understand Alaska Fishing Community Well-Being

Over recent years, fisheries managers have been going through a paradigm shift to prioritize ecosystem-based management. With this comes an increasing need to better understand the impacts of fisheries management decisions on the social well-being and sustainability of fishing communities. This article summarizes research aimed at using secondary data to develop socioeconomic and fisheries involvement indices to measure objective fishing community well-being in Alaska. Data from more than 300 communities in Alaska were used to create a database of socioeconomic and fisheries involvement indices of objective well-being and adaptability for Alaska communities dependent on marine resources. Each index was developed using a principal components factor analysis to assess the relative position of each community compared to all other communities in Alaska. We find that creating performance measures, such as the indices presented here, provides a useful way to track the status of socioeconomic conditions and fisheries involvement by communities over time.     

现代化渔港产业业态分析

国内外诸多地区正致力于打造多功能现代化渔港,但在建设过程中对产业业态和功能定位仍不很清晰。为此,在分析渔港传统功能及其功能多元化趋势的基础上,研究现代化渔港的功能定位和产业业态。认为现代化渔港需要在规划设计时统筹考虑渔港和周边区域,围绕远洋渔业基地、避风避险基地、执法维权基地、海洋科考产业基地以及渔港旅游休闲产业,打造"渔港产业经济综合体",为现代化渔港的建设提供参考,提升渔港建设水准。     

水下捕捞机器人视觉系统发展趋势分析

为突破作业环境、劳动力等因素对渔业发展的制约,解决当前水下捕捞能见度低、机器人识别分辨率低等问题,促进渔业向现代化转型升级,从学术角度梳理、分析国内外水下机器人视觉系统关键技术发展趋势,为相关研究提供参考。基于CiteSpace软件,分别选取中国知网（China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI）的数据库和Web of Science的核心数据库的文献样本,从发文量、关键词共现图谱、关键词时间线图谱等方面完成可视化分析,并对水下捕捞机器人作业环境、视觉系统技术进行阐述。发文量和关键词时间线图谱表明,国内外水下机器人视觉系统关键技术的研发均经历初始阶段、探索阶段和成长阶段。关键词共现图谱表明,人机交互、识别算法设计等方面是水下机器人视觉系统相关研究的热点。未来,水下捕捞机器人视觉系统发展应聚焦智能化、自主化,重点解决目标检测优化、水生物数据库建立、数字化系统构建等多方面难点问题。     

基于关联分析的乘客公共交通依赖度识别方法

不同乘客在出行过程中对公共交通的依赖程度具有显著差异，精准识别乘客公共交通依赖度，有助于针对性地引导出行者向公共交通方式转移.本文基于多源数据的关联，获取包含个体属性的公共交通出行链，从出行行为和个体属性两方面提出8个依赖度指标，构建二阶聚类模型，识别乘客公共交通依赖度.结果表明：样本按依赖度高低被划分为4类群组；部分高、较高依赖度乘客在出行决策时受限于收入和车辆拥有量，并有向私家车出行转移的趋势；乘客出行习惯行为较个体属性对公共交通依赖度的影响更大.利用平均命中率(AHR)和平均覆盖率(ACR)指标评估个体属性对识别结果的影响，得出结论，个体属性指标间存在耦合关系，且指标缺失量与模型误差具有非线性关系.研究有助于理解公共交通乘客的需求和选择倾向性，为精准改善公共交通服务提供支撑.     

On the accuracy of fracture estimation in collision analysis of ship and offshore structures

This paper discusses the fracture response in a collision scenario together with the discretization of the model, and it compares various approaches suggested by current design rules and proposed by researchers using a validation approach with different model scales; including material tests, indentation experiments and simulations of an actual full-scale collision event. Calibration of the fracture criteria is performed based only on data that can safely be assumed to be available in a design situation, namely, those from a uniaxial tensile test. This approach reveals the behavior of each criterion as it would be in a design situation and avoids the possibility of calibration toward a known solution. The robustness of the fracture criteria, i.e., their ability to simulate fracture given varying stress states and mesh sizes, are investigated based on simulations of experiments. The statistical variations for the various criteria are shown.     

渔船螺旋桨设计软件系统

根据图谱法设计螺旋桨的方法原理,结合实践经验,开发了渔船螺旋桨设计软件系统.文章简单介绍了该软件系统开发过程和方法,并应用于两艘实际渔船.设计参数和渔船实际参数的比较显示,该系统能迅速、有效地完成渔船螺旋桨的设计,改善渔船螺旋桨设计以及渔船动力装置配备.     

Container vessel fleet deployment for liner shipping with stochastic dependencies in shipping demand

The problem of optimal container vessels deployment is one of great significance for the liner shipping industry. Although the pioneering work on this problem dates back to the early 1990s, only until recently have researchers started to acknowledge and account for the significant amount of uncertainty present in shipping demand in real world container shipping. In this paper, new analytical results are presented to further relax the input requirements for this problem. Specifically, only the mean and variance of the maximum shipping demand are required to be known. An optional symmetry assumption is shown to further reduce the feasible region and deployment cost for typical confidence levels. Moreover, unlike previous work that tends to ignore stochastic dependencies between the shipping demands on the various routes (that are known to exist in the real world), our models account for such dependencies in the most general setting to date. A salient feature of our modeling approach is that the exact dependence structure does not need to be specified, something that is hard, if not simply impossible, to determine in practice. A numerical case study is provided to illustrate the proposed models.     

Factors affecting car ownership and mode choice in rail transit-supported suburbs of a large Chinese city

As Chinese cities continue to grow rapidly and their newly developed suburbs continue to accommodate most of the enormous population increase, rail transit is seen as the key to counter automobile dependence. This paper examines the effects of rail transit-supported urban expansion using travel survey data collected from residents in four Shanghai suburban neighborhoods, including three located near metro stations. Estimated binary logit model of car ownership and nested logit model of commuting mode choice reveal that: (1) proximity to metro stations has a significant positive association with the choice of rail transit as primary commuting mode, but its association with car ownership is insignificant; (2) income, job status, and transportation subsidy are all positively associated with the probabilities of owning car and driving it to work; (3) higher population density in work location relates positively to the likelihood of commuting by the metro, but does not show a significant relationship with car ownership; (4) longer commuting distance is strongly associated with higher probabilities of riding the metro, rather than driving, to work; (5) considerations of money, time, comfort, and safety appear to exert measurable influences on car ownership and mode choice in the expected directions, and the intention to ride the metro for commuting is reflected in its actual use as primary mode for journey to work. These results strongly suggest that rail transit-supported urban expansion can produce important positive outcomes, and that this strategic approach can be effectively facilitated by transportation policies and land use plans, as well as complemented by timely provision of high quality rail transit service to suburban residents.     

对几起渔船碰撞事故的反思

针对最近发生的几起渔船碰撞事故,分析了渔船发生碰撞的原因和特点,提出了防止渔船发生碰撞的措施,并对有关法律、法规的完善提出了建议。