The impact of structural flexibilities of wheelsets and rails on the hunting behaviour of a railway vehicle

The hunting motion of a passenger coach is investigated using a multibody system in which the wheelsets and the rails can be modelled as flexible bodies. By comparing the results for different model variants, in which the structural flexibilities of the wheelsets and of the rails are either taken into account or neglected, the impact of the flexibilities is analysed. It turns out that the flexibilities of both the wheelsets and the rails have a significant impact on the hunting behaviour by increasing the lateral motions of the wheelsets and lowering the critical speed. In order to investigate the impact of the flexibilities under different operating conditions, the calculations are carried out for track geometries using different rail profiles (60E1, 60E2) and different rail cants (1:40, 1:20) and for different values for the friction coefficient (0.25…0.4) at the wheel–rail contact. The results show that the influence of the flexibilities is the strongest for high lateral forces, which occur e.g. for contact geometries leading to high hunting frequencies and for high values of the friction coefficient. The results also show in some cases a strong impact of the flexibilities on the position of the wheel–rail contact on the running surface of the rail, which is of particular interest with respect to wear simulation.     

长寿柔性基层沥青路面的极限应变

长寿柔性路面设计通常采用沥青层底极限拉应变和土基顶部极限压应变作为控制指标。现阶段极限应变指标参照室内试验结果确定，且数值相对固定。而现场路面结构层应变响应值受结构厚度、荷载、环境作用（温度及老化）等因素的影响，在服役过程中不断演化。以2条服役超过35年的柔性路面结构（屯门公路与吐露港公路）为基础，分析了不同服役阶段路面结构层在不同荷载、环境作用下的极限应变响应，探讨了柔性路面极限应变的大概范围。研究结果表明：在初始服役状态下，屯门公路高温状态下沥青层底的极限拉应变为376×10^-6，土基顶部极限压应变为562×10^-6；低温状态下上述极限应变分别降为87×10^-6，249×10^-6；吐露港公路高温状态下沥青层底、土基顶部极限应变分别为149×10^-6，324×10^-6，低温状态下上述应变分别降为50×10^-6，156×10^-6。在经过长期服役后，老化状态下2类路面沥青层底拉应变及土基顶部压应变均大幅降低。屯门公路在使用36年后，某些路段出现零星的疲劳破坏，而吐露港公路则没有发现疲劳破坏。极限应变计算结果表明，路面关键位置的应变受荷载、沥青层厚度、温度和沥青层老化状态等多因素的影响。因此，在进行长寿柔性基层路面设计中，荷载、沥青层厚度、温度及沥青层老化状态等因素都应该考虑在内。     

Influence of polygonal wear of railway wheels on the wheel set axle stress

The coupled vehicle/track dynamic model with the flexible wheel set was developed to investigate the effects of polygonal wear on the dynamic stresses of the wheel set axle. In the model, the railway vehicle was modelled by the rigid multibody dynamics. The wheel set was established by the finite element method to analyse the high-frequency oscillation and dynamic stress of wheel set axle induced by the polygonal wear based on the modal stress recovery method. The slab track model was taken into account in which the rail was described by the Timoshenko beam and the three-dimensional solid finite element was employed to establish the concrete slab. Furthermore, the modal superposition method was adopted to calculate the dynamic response of the track. The wheel/rail normal forces and the tangent forces were, respectively, determined by the Hertz nonlinear contact theory and the Shen–Hedrick–Elkins model. Using the coupled vehicle/track dynamic model, the dynamic stresses of wheel set axle with consideration of the ideal polygonal wear and measured polygonal wear were investigated. The results show that the amplitude of wheel/rail normal forces and the dynamic stress of wheel set axle increase as the vehicle speeds rise. Moreover, the impact loads induced by the polygonal wear could excite the resonance of wheel set axle. In the resonance region, the amplitude of the dynamic stress for the wheel set axle would increase considerably comparing with the normal conditions.     

上凸型内孤立波场中顶张力立管极值响应分析

为研究上凸型内孤立波作用下立管的响应问题,建立了顶张力立管在上凸型内孤立波场中的运动方程,流体作用力通过Morison方程求解,上凸型内孤立波引起的速度和加速度用两层流体KdV方程计算;采用有限元法离散控制方程,并用Newmark-β法在时域内求解。通过数值模拟探索上凸型内孤立波作用下顶张力立管的位移、弯矩、应力、顶底端转角等极值响应规律,并分析内孤立波幅值、上下两层流体密度差、顶部张力及壁厚对立管响应的影响。研究结果表明,上凸型内孤立波会引起顶张力立管的位移、弯矩、应力及顶底端转角显著增大;由于上凸型内孤立波引起的海水剪切作用剧烈,导致上下两层流体中立管位移反向。     

深水钻井平台-隔水管系统波激疲劳分析

平台运动是深水钻井隔水管系统波激疲劳的主要来源之一。传统的隔水管波激疲劳分析不考虑或简化钻井平台运动,为了更精确地评估隔水管系统波激疲劳损伤,建立了深水钻井平台-隔水管耦合系统动力学模型及波激疲劳损伤评估方法,开展了动力定位和锚泊定位模式下的隔水管系统动力学响应及疲劳损伤分析,深入揭示深水钻井隔水管系统波激疲劳动力学特性。结果表明,两种定位模式下的平台-隔水管系统受波浪载荷的影响,在常规波浪频率范围内发生波频振动,锚泊定位模式下的平台-隔水管系统还呈现一定的低频特性;两种定位系统下的深水钻井隔水管系统疲劳损伤最大值均发生在隔水管系统顶部,锚泊定位模式下的隔水管系统波激疲劳损伤变异系数较大,动力定位系统下的隔水管系统波激疲劳损伤较大。     

城市道路沥青路面结构力学响应分析

针对济南市城市道路常用的三种主要沥青路面结构形式,半刚性基层、复合式基层及柔性基层路面结构,该文采用壳牌设计软件BISAR 3.0计算三种结构沥青路面的应力、应变响应,对各自受力不利形式及空间位置进行对比分析.通过比较,证明:从力学角度分析,复合式基层沥青路面在各项力学性能均优于半刚性基层沥青路面及柔性基层沥青路面,推...     

柔性拱钢性梁桥设计

合肥铁路枢纽南环线跨合宁高速特大桥是一座铁路上跨高速公路的特大桥,该桥采用(114.75+229.5+114.75)m柔性拱刚性梁,主跨跨度在国内同类型桥梁中居于首位.介绍了该桥的总体设计、结构构造及总体施工方法.     

科研院所科研项目的柔性量化管理方案探讨

深入分析科研院所科研项目管理中存在的问题。在分析管理粗放化、生产资源利用率低等弊端的基础上,运用精细化、效益型管理思想,借助计算机辅助手段,提出一种能够适应小批量、多品种科研项目管理的柔性量化管理方案。据此可清楚、准确掌握未来各个时间段的工作量与人力资源和生产资源匹配情况,进而达到合理调整,优化科研项目生产计划的目的。     

Coupled vibration analysis of Maglev vehicle-guideway while standing still or moving at low speeds

Dynamic instability, that is, resonance, may occur on an electromagnetic suspension-type Maglev that runs over the elevated guideway, particularly at very low speeds, due to the flexibility of the guideway. An analysis of the dynamic interaction between the vehicle and guideway is required at the design stage to investigate such instability, setting slender guideway in design direction for reducing construction costs. In addition, it is essential to design an effective control algorithm to solve the problem of instability. In this article, a more detailed model for the dynamic interaction of vehicle/guideway is proposed. The proposed model incorporates a 3D full vehicle model based on virtual prototyping, flexible guideway by a modal superposition method and levitation electromagnets including feedback controller into an integrated model. By applying the proposed model to an urban Maglev vehicle newly developed for commercial application, an analysis of the instability phenomenon and an investigation of air gap control performance are carried out through a simulation.