梁系统计能量分析中传输波的影响

机械系统中激励源传出的波将沿传输路径衰减,并会经由含源子系统边界传递出去,因而只有输入功率的残余部分以混响场的形式消耗在该子系统内。为提高应用统计能量分析法（SEA）计算振动噪声的精度,对上述过程进行深入分析,并以一个简单梁系为例,给出传入该梁系的输入功率的表达式。分析结果表明,传输波对计算结果的影响随着损耗因子的增加而增加。同时,分析将传输波的影响计入诸如舰船这种复杂空间结构的实际可行性。估算结果表明,仅对含源子结构考虑传输波的影响是充分可行的。     

Modelling heavy vehicle car‐following behaviour in congested traffic conditions

This study develops a car‐following model in which heavy vehicle behaviour is predicted separately from passenger car. Heavy vehicles have different characteristics and manoeuvrability compared with passenger cars. These differences could create problems in freeway operations and safety under congested traffic conditions (level of service E and F) particularly when there is high proportion of heavy vehicles. With increasing numbers of heavy vehicles in the traffic stream, model estimates of the traffic flow could be degrades because existing car‐following models do not differentiate between these vehicles and passenger cars. This study highlighted some of the differences in car‐following behaviour of heavy vehicle and passenger drivers and developed a model considering heavy vehicles. In this model, the local linear model tree approach was used to incorporate human perceptual imperfections into a car‐following model. Three different real world data sets from a stretch of freeway in USA were used in this study. Two of them were used for the training and testing of the model, and one of them was used for evaluation purpose. The performance of the model was compared with a number of existing car‐following models. The results showed that the model, which considers the heavy vehicle type, could predict car‐following behaviour of drivers better than the existing models. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An enhanced safe distance car-following model

Gipps＇ model, a well-known safe distance car-following model, has a very strict restriction on the car-following behavior that the following vehicle has to maintain the exact safe distance to the leading vehicle to avoid rear crash. However, this restriction is not consistent with the real traffic condition. Due to that, an enhanced safe distance car-following model is proposed first, and then calibrated and evaluated using the field data. Furthermore, the simulation is conducted to analyze the characteristics of the new model. The results of evaluation and simulation illustrate that the proposed model has higher simulation accuracy than the original Gipps＇ model, and can reproduce the stable flow and shock wave phenomena that are very common in real traffic. Moreover, the simulation results also prove that the enhanced model can better stabilize the traffic flow than Gipps＇ model.     

非均匀流场中螺旋桨水动力及噪声特性预报研究

根据螺旋桨的型值参数,在Fluent前处理器ICEM中建立流场的网格模型,采用计算流体力学（CFD）理论,结合雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯（RANS）方程计算了螺旋桨的水动力特性.利用滑移网格技术对非均匀来流下的螺旋桨的水动力进行大涡模拟计算,并结合FW-H噪声模块对螺旋桨的无空泡噪声进行了数值预报.流场预报结果显示,流场的非均匀性导致螺旋桨水动力系数的脉动存在一定的周期性,且整个螺旋桨的水动力系数与单个桨叶之间存在一定的倍数关系;声场结果表明,低频离散噪声远大于高频噪声,噪声衰减速度随频率增大而减小,螺旋桨轴向和径向衰减速度随着距桨盘面中心的距离增大而减小,且轴向声压级低于径向两侧.     

智能交通信号控制调控策略探讨

以缓解交通拥堵为目的,按点控制、线控制、面控制逐次探讨智能交通信号控制调控策略。在点控制中主要考虑行人和非机动车的因素,分不同种情况,提出了具体的调控策略;在线控制中,建立了以实现绿波带控制为目的的调控策略,以平均车速和交叉口数量为参数,依次从高速公路、单一十字路口、若干个十字路口这三方面分析了车辆的通行能力,进一步探讨了绿波带上车辆的通行能力;在面控制中提出了最大流问题,用简化模型分析并证明该方法在调控区域各支路车流量大小中的适用性与合理性,该方法有助于缓解区域交通拥堵的情况。     

大型多功能水池集中控制系统设计和实现

多功能水池试验室设置若干工艺设备,这些设备的控制系统各成一体,相互独立。在试验时,各工艺设备需要相互协作。因此,需要配置一套集中控制系统,负责各设备的协同控制。介绍了集中控制系统设计、主要工作原理、控制流程及运行效果。同样介绍了系统操作、监视人机画面的实现。     

HZ-1新型高性能舰船用阻尼涂料的研制和应用

通过HZ-1新型高性能舰船用阻尼涂料的研制,提高阻尼性能和施工工艺性能。该研究优化了阻尼层和约束层的组分体系,提高了约束-阻尼复合损耗因子,找出了增宽高低温区的规律,使HZ-1新型高性能舰船用阻尼涂料实现了高性能、宽温域和施工的方便性。HZ-1新型高性能舰船用阻尼涂料综合性能和技术已达国际先进水平,对提高舰船安静性和舒适性具有重要作用,满足现代化高科技战争对舰船的隐身性要求。     

科考船的空调系统设计

以“向阳红10”号海洋综合科学考察船（简称“科考船”）为例,介绍了科考船空调系统的设计要点。为了提高舒适性和经济性,在空调系统配置、空调通风管系及设备减振降噪方面采取了相应的措施,对空调系统的整体效果产生积极的影响,为科考船空调系统的设计提供一定的参考价值。     

舵前进流的选择对桨舵系统性能的影响

为了验证舵前进流的选择对桨-舵系统定常性能的影响,计算了三种舵前进流下的桨-舵系统性能,结果表明,不同进流状态对桨-舵系统性能预报结果十分接近。文中还验证了舵面上诱导速度不取周向平均时对桨-舵定常性能的影响,并对这样计算的诱导速度峰值使用Lagrange插值处理。与试验值比较表明,在计算桨-舵定常性能时,以此方式来计算舵上诱导速度也有效。     

两种自适应噪声抵消算法的性能仿真

介绍了自适应噪声抵消系统及其核心部分一自适应滤波器的基本原理和常见算法,并采用LMS、NLMS算法在Matlab平台中进行了系统消噪性能的仿真对比,讨论了不同参数设定对系统性能的影响.结果表明,当其他条件不变时,所选用步长或者滤波器阶数的增加,会造成滤波器自适应学习时间加长,失调系数变大,消噪性能趋于恶化;对于有色噪声的消除,NLMS算法有明显优势和效果,而LMS算法则存在梯度噪声被放大、失真度高等问题.