K3V型柱塞泵的结构、控制原理及维修

对广泛应用于大宇挖掘机上的K3V型轴向变量柱塞泵的结构及控制原理进行了论述,分析了常见故障的原因,给出了常见故障的排除方法及易损件的维修标准。     

从过度分散竞争到适度寡头垄断--我国道路客运市场发展的必然方向

目前,我国道路客运市场呈过度分散竞争的市场状态,严重制约了我国道路客运业的发展,制定适合道路客运业发展的行业政策已成为道路客运行业管理部门面临的重要课题,也是道路运输产业发展的必然要求。通过研究道路客运市场的现状,发现道路客运市场存在的问题．提出适度寡头垄断是我国道路客运市场发展的必然方向。     

Strategic considerations behind the network–regional airline tie ups – A theoretical and empirical study

The paper examines the strategic vertical relationship between network and regional airlines. We develop a model to illustrate how network airlines can use the contractual relationship with regional airlines as an efficient tool to simultaneously drive out inefficient network airlines and also accommodate other cost efficient network airlines in any specific market. The model is tested on U.S. data using simultaneous and sequential choice models. We find that market size, cost differences between network airlines, as well as cost differences between network and regional airlines, are the chief determinants of the network airlines’ decisions on whether or not to serve a market with their own fleet, as well as how many regional airlines to contract with.     

Definition of wind blowers for vehicles testing at chassis-dyno facilities using a CFD approach

The need to increase measurement accuracy of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions in vehicles is forcing the market to develop chassis-dyno test cells that reproduce on-road conditions realistically.Air-cooling is key to vehicle performance. It is therefore critical that the design of a test cell guarantees realistic cooling of all vehicle components, as important errors in fuel consumption and emissions measurements may otherwise arise. In a test-room, a blower placed in front of the vehicle supplies the cooling air. While there are some guidelines in the literature for the selection of fans required for emissions measurements for standard driving cycles, the information for designing the air supply system for specific tests in other areas is scarce.New Real Driving Emissions (RDE) legislation will force manufacturers to perform on-road measurements of pollutants. This represents a significant challenge due to the variability of conditions coming from non-controlled parameters. In order to optimize vehicles, different tests are performed in cells equipped with a chassis-dyno where the on-road flow field around the vehicle is reproduced as closely as possible.This work provides some guidelines for the definition of the airflow supply system of chassis-dyno facilities for vehicle optimization tests, based on a CFD analysis of the flow characteristics around the vehicle. By comparison with the solution obtained for a vehicle in real road driving conditions, the exit section of the blower and the distance between the blower exit and the car that best reproduce realistic on-road flow conditions in a test room are determined.     

On the application of hydraulic theory to the deep-water flow through the Irbe Strait

A flow-dependent critical-point method for investigating topographically controlled flow in natural channels is applied to the bottom current through the Irbe Strait connecting the Baltic proper and the Gulf of Riga. This approach is based on the functional formalism due to Gill [Gill, A.E., 1977. The hydraulics of rotating-channel flow. J. Fluid Mech., 80, 641–671.], and here is used for the stratified flow structure observed during the IRBEX-95 field campaign. A critical section of the realizable flow regime was found to be located slightly downstream of the most pronounced horizontal constriction of the channel. The predicted baroclinic volume flux 7200 m³ s⁻¹ overestimates the observed mean bottom-water transport by around 30%, a discrepancy which most likely can be explained by the lack of sea level conditions and friction in the model.     

我国西南部山区隧道施工期支护结构力学行为特征案例分析

为研究我国西南部山区隧道施工期支护结构所面临的重大问题,将雅安—康定、汶川—马尔康高速公路的典型隧道作为案例,归纳总结施工期存在的高地应力、软弱围岩、断层破碎带、次生地质灾害等潜在危险源,通过现场实测数据深入分析不同危险源环境下支护结构体系的力学行为特征。研究结果表明： 1）当隧道穿越软弱围岩时,围岩强度低、自承载能力差,接触压力、钢拱架应力均显著高于普通围岩隧道,二次衬砌分摊荷载比例显著上升; 2）当隧道穿越断层破碎带时,支护结构受力需要较长时间才能稳定下来,其力学行为呈现出3阶段演化规律,前期快速降低、中期缓慢降低、后期基本稳定; 3）当隧道洞口穿越松散堆积体时,坡体稳定性易受到扰动,其支护结构力学行为具有显著的偏压特性,围岩压力主要集中在深埋侧; 4）高地应力与围岩强度联合控制着围岩稳定性与支护结构体系的力学行为,高地应力硬岩隧道也具有一定的流变时间效应,但由于硬质围岩的强度较大、稳定性较好,支护结构受力相对较小,安全储备较高; 5）高地应力软岩隧道的围岩压力与结构受力显著升高,其支护结构力学行为在施工期便呈现出明显的流变特性,开挖约200 d后,仍然保持着缓慢增长。     

纤维塑料筋在桥梁工程中的应用研究

纤维增强塑料是一种高强、轻质、耐腐蚀、抗疲劳的新型复合材料。近年来,FRP筋在桥梁工程中的应用越来越多。就国内外对这一新技术的研究和应用情况进行分析和介绍。     

盾构法T接隧道结构受力现场试验研究——以宁波轨道交通3号线联络通道为例

为了了解盾构法T接隧道在施工过程中主隧道外部的荷载以及响应,以国内第一条使用机械法施工的联络通道--宁波轨道交通3号线为背景进行研究。本文通过研究施工过程中的施工工况节点,现场监测主隧道结构的外荷载、收敛变形并计算结构内力,得到在整个施工过程中主隧道的结构响应及其变化规律。通过本文的研究,可以得出以下结论： 1）施工过程可依据外部荷载和结构体系进行划分工况,各工况具有明显的不同响应; 2）始发端和接收端的内力变化主要受到盾构顶力和外部注浆荷载的影响,且主要影响切削侧,切削过程中的内力增量在10%～20%,注浆压力影响的增量部分达到了50%; 3）各环及内支撑轴力增量在200 kN以下,破洞位置导致的轴力损失可以由其余位置共同承担,不需要特殊的破洞阶段超载设计。     

索单元结构计算的内力全量迭代法

索结构传统的几何非线性的求解方法依赖于非常复杂而庞大的切线刚度矩阵,针对这种情况,根据几何非线性计算的基本原理,建立一种在理论上能收敛于精确解的几何非线性求解方法——内力全量迭代法,使计算结果的精度不依赖于切线刚度矩阵;根据计算方法的特点,探讨了在几何非线性计算中索单元的内力计算公式和迭代计算方法;为了保证迭代计算快速...     

大跨“槽型+箱型”连续混凝土梁受力与设计研究

针对某地公轨合建工程35+50+35m大跨“槽型+箱型”组合截面连续混凝土梁结构体系特殊、受力行为不明确，采用ANSYS有限元软件建立三维实体模型，研究其受力行为，并对设计提出建议。研究表明：①“槽型+箱型”组合截面满足平截面假定；②组合截面槽型、箱型部分纵向不同截面、同一截面边/中腹板剪力分布存在显著差异；③槽型部分边腹板与底板衔接处应力集中明显；④槽型部分边腹板与底板衔接处应加强配筋、桥面板悬臂根部及跨中配筋可取包络设计。