煤矿斜井双模式TBM掘进时围岩坍塌原因分析及防治措施

双模式TBM是单护盾TBM与土压平衡EPB盾构机的优化组合,拥有针对不同围岩状态的两种掘进模式,对地质范围的适应性更大。在煤矿斜井深埋复杂地层条件下,由于地质因素、TBM掘进参数控制不当等原因,易导致围岩坍塌。对此提出在TBM掘进前、掘进过程中不同阶段防治坍塌控制方法,即采用超前地质预报、超前加固预处理和掘进参数监测与控制措施,有效防止了TBM围岩坍塌现象。     

基于声学无限元法的加筋圆柱壳声振特性研究

以无限长圆柱壳体为研究对象,基于声学无限元法利用数值计算方法对其结构外声场进行分析,对加筋圆柱壳的振动和远场水下噪声特性进行研究,讨论外壳厚度、内壳厚度、托板厚度、型材尺寸等结构参数对壳体表面振动均方加速度级及远场辐射声压级的影响。结果表明:改变外壳厚度参数对其表面振动均方加速度级及远场辐射声压级影响最大。     

基于遗传算法的海杂波K分布参数估计

在高分辨率雷达中,复合K分布模型对海杂波的实测数据具有良好的拟合效果。使用K分布来描述海杂波幅度特性时,关键在于其分布参数的估计。本文在研究海杂波K分布模型、遗传算法的基础上,针对遗传算法中二进制编码、适应度函数标定存在的缺陷进行改进,然后将多种群遗传算法应用于参数估计,并利用CSIR组织公布的雷达实测数据进行仿真。仿真结果与统计量估计法以及标准遗传算法进行比较表明,利用改进遗传算法得到的拟合曲线与杂波数据直方图吻合较好,改进遗传算法在海杂波模型参数估计中具有较好性能。     

舰船造型设计及其量化评价方法

由于缺乏前期顶层的概念创意和系统的理论指导及设计方法,舰船的艺术造型设计处在分散、孤立研究和个别运用的低级阶段。在现代工业设计思想的指导下,分析舰船造型设计与总体设计的相关性;基于功能论和系统工程理论,在舰船总体设计的各个阶段系统地开展造型设计,通过定量结构变化法和机能面关系界定法进行造型单元的变化与组合,生成既满足功能要求又符合审美取向的造型方案;建立舰船造型设计评价指标体系,采用层次分析法和多元模糊评价法,实现各项指标的权值计算和造型多方案评价结果的量化求解。     

Influence of different topological variants on optimized structural scantlings of passenger ship

For a multi-deck ships with extensive superstructures (such as passenger and cruise ships, RoPax, mega yachts, etc.) the global structural response can be particularly complex. The influence of the superstructure to the primary strength for those multi-deck ships must be considered from an early design phase. Main global topological parameters (e.g. size of side openings, position and stiffness of longitudinal and transverse bulkheads, etc.) have dominant influence on the shape of hull girder stress distributions over the ship height. The Taguchi concepts and techniques (FFE, orthogonal arrays, ANOVA, etc.) could be used to systematically study influence of multiple topological parameters on the global structural response obtained by FEM analysis. It also enables rational identification of the most dominant parameters and provide designer with the near-optimal level of each topological parameter for the defined design objective. It has been demonstrated how different topological variants can lead to different optimal structural scantlings w. r.t chosen design objectives (mass, VCG, etc.), using simplified full ship 3D FE model of passenger ship as an example. Structural design software MAESTRO and in-house developed framework for the design support system DeMak – OCTOPUS Designer were used as a structural optimization tool. This paper aim to extend the standard scantling optimization by introducing topological aspects as a first STEP in overall optimization procedure.     

甲烷气体放电特性的研究

在E/N为100～900Td（1Td=1017Vcm2）的场强范围内,对甲烷气体中的电子崩发展进行了仿真研究.采用蒙特卡罗模拟法对其电子崩参数诸如有效电离系数、电子漂移速度、纵向扩散系数等进行了求解计算,计算结果与实验数据相一致.仿真结果表明：随着E/N值的增大,即电离作用的增强,电子的各漂移速度也呈现出差异.     

考虑不同路面附着情况的整车质量估计方法研究

利用带有遗忘因子的递推最小二乘估计,实现了一种整车质量估计方法,该方法考虑了不同路面附着情况对整车质量估计过程的影响,通过引入路面特征系数,实现了算法对不同路面附着情况的适应。基于Matlab/Simulink编写辨识算法并在CarMaker中完成仿真测试,测试结果表明所实现的辨识方法对整车质量估计的精度可控制在10%之内。此外,由于递推最小二乘估计方法和卡尔曼滤波方法之间的内在联系,通过推导表明了递推最小二乘估计方法是状态转移矩阵为单位阵的卡尔曼滤波方法的特殊形式,为2种估计方法的工程应用形式及调试过程提供了更全面的信息。     

管道预制生产线研究

研究管道预制生产对提高船舶工程施工速度、缩短工期、提高工程安装质量、提高经济效益具有重大意义,文章介绍了船舶管道预制生产线的组成部分,阐述了管道制造生产线中重要设备的工作原理和重要机构的运动方式,分析了设备的工艺参数,可作为实际管道预制流水线的作业指导,也可为其他智能制造项目提供借鉴和参考。     

Accurate and cost-effective traffic information acquisition using adaptive sampling: Centralized and V2V schemes

The new generation of GPS-based tolling systems allow for a much higher degree of road sensing than has been available up to now. We propose an adaptive sampling scheme to collect accurate real-time traffic information from large-scale implementations of on-board GPS-based devices over a road network. The goal of the system is to minimize the transmission costs over all vehicles while satisfying requirements in the accuracy and timeliness of the traffic information obtained. The system is designed to make use of cellular communication as well as leveraging additional technologies such as roadside units equipped with WiFi and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) dedicated short-range communications (DSRC). As opposed to fixed sampling schemes, which transmit at regular intervals, the sampling policy we propose is adaptive to the road network and the importance of the links that the vehicle traverses. Since cellular communications are costly, in the basic centralized scheme, the vehicle is not aware of the road conditions on the network. We extend the scheme to handle non-cellular communications via roadside units and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. Under a general traffic model, we prove that our scheme always outperforms the baseline scheme in terms of transmission cost while satisfying accuracy and real-time requirements. Our analytical results are further supported via simulations based on actual road networks for both the centralized and V2V settings.     

Inferring origin–destination trip matrices from aggregate volumes on groups of links: a case study using volumes inferred from mobile phone data

The origin–destination matrix is an important source of information describing transport demand in a region. Most commonly used methods for matrix estimation use link volumes collected on a subset of links in order to update an existing matrix. Traditional volume data collection methods have significant shortcomings because of the high costs involved and the fact that detectors only provide status information at specified locations in the network. Better matrix estimates can be obtained when information is available about the overall distribution of traffic through time and space. Other existing technologies are not used in matrix estimation methods because they collect volume data aggregated on groups of links, rather than on single links. That is the case of mobile systems. Mobile phones sometimes cannot provide location accuracy for estimating flows on single links but do so on groups of links; in contrast, data can be acquired over a wider coverage without additional costs. This paper presents a methodology adapted to the concept of volume aggregated on groups of links in order to use any available volume data source in traditional matrix estimation methodologies. To calculate volume data, we have used a model that has had promising results in transforming phone call data into traffic movement data. The proposed methodology using vehicle volumes obtained by such a model is applied over a large real network as a case study. The experimental results reveal the efficiency and consistency of the solution proposed, making the alternative attractive for practical applications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.