不可压缩液体中自由气核分叉特性研究

空化气泡会引起强烈的声辐射和舰船壳体振动,自由气核振动的跨临界分叉研究对寻求空化气泡的生成机理具有重要意义.通过建立不可压缩液体中自由气核的振动模型,由中心流形定理对该振动模型进行约化,得出中心流形上的跨临界分叉方程,通过该振动模型的分叉研究,提出了产生气泡的新机理,并进行了仿真实验加以验证.仿真结果表明,跨临界分叉是自由气核产生气泡的一条途径.     

一种船舶最小稳性和自由浮态计算的改进算法

船舶最小稳性计算通常是引入最小功原理建立优化模型,利用函数极值条件将其转化为求解一个隐式非线性方程组。通常,采用逐次线性化方法求解该方程组,但其中关键问题是Jacob i矩阵的求解。对于传统算法,Jacob i矩阵中各项的计算公式繁琐,不易推导;公式中还需要不断重复计算船舶的水线面要素,不但计算工作量大,而且影响计算结果的精确度和稳定性,且不易编程。引入差商代替导数的思想来求解Jacob i矩阵,既避免了船舶水线面要素的求解,简化了计算,又提高了算法的可靠性,且便于编程实现。通过算例中计算结果的比较,可看出这一算法收敛速度快、计算结果准确,且适于破损稳性计算。船舶自由浮态计算实质也是求解一个隐式非线性方程组,故同样可用这一方法求解。     

BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASOUND ON EARLY CHORIONIC VILLI

Inobstetricpractice,ultrasoundimaging'isusedinnumerousaspecttoenhanceclinicalmanagement.Itisexpectedthattheroleofultrasoundinobstetricswillcontinuetogrowandcon6equentlythatfetalexposurewillbecomeevenmorecommon.Diagnosticultrasoundhasmuchlowerintensity.Whetherithaspotentialinfluenceonbiologicalsystemshasnotyetbeenconfirmed.Althoughdiagnosticinsonationisassumedtobesafe,unrestrictedusemaybeofrisk,especiallyinsituationswheretissuesisinitsformativestages,forexample,earlypregnancy',,.Toevaluatethes…     

江海直达船艏部结构入水砰击试验

新一代江海直达船主要呈宽扁型且吃水较浅,由江入海航行时会发生船艏底部和外飘砰击,严重的砰击会造成船舶主动失速甚至结构损伤,影响船舶与人员安全。传统的理论和相关经验公式很难预报宽扁肥大的艏部结构的砰击载荷。相较于传统的简化模型试验方法,本文基于相似理论设计了与某新型江海直达船艏部结构相似的三维木质模型。采用落水试验的方法进行了一系列的不同落水高度及不同入水角度的入水砰击试验。研究江海直达船艏部结构所受砰击载荷特点,得到砰击压力峰值及其分布规律,同时发现了小角度入水情况下（入水攻角α<5°）的空气垫效应,空气垫延缓并减小了砰击压力峰值。此外还回归了0°~15°入水攻角下的底部砰击压力预报公式,可供结构设计时参考砰击载荷的选取。     

水面舰船附近气泡运动数值模拟

当气泡在自由面和水面舰船附近运动时,两者的存在均会对气泡脉动产生影响。基于不可压缩势流理论,采用边界元方法对边界积分方程进行求解。针对建立自由面需要大量的网格,且处理自由面与水面结构交界面时数值不稳定,采用考虑自由面效应的格林函数取代基本格林函数,通过与自由面附近气泡轴对称模型的计算结果进行对比,验证了该方法的有效性。通过对舰船结构附近的气泡运动射流特性进行模拟,发现当药包在舷侧和自由面附近爆炸时,气泡射流可能不会完全作用在舰船上,自由面效应的存在削弱了气泡的打击能力。     

基于序列图像运动分割的车辆边界轮廓提取算法

为了准确获得图像感兴趣区中运动车辆的形状特征, 提出了一种新的车辆边界轮廓提取算法。利用连续3帧图像, 对包含同一运动车辆的图像感兴趣区进行光流场分割, 以获取目标运动区域, 通过平移运动区域的左、右边界获得正确的车辆区域及其封闭边界轮廓, 通过放大运动矢量计算公式的阈值来提高其运行效率。试验结果表明: 该算法可从具有复杂自然场景的图像序列中检测出完整的运动车辆边界轮廓, 检测正确率在95%以上。     

Measuring community reaction to urban transportation impacts using Von Neumann‐Morgenstern utility theory

This paper attempts to measure the impacts of urban transportation system improvements or changes on the community. The community's perceptions of the impacts are represented by its utilities (or disutilities) over various ranges of values of the multiple attributes representing these impacts. The utility technique used in the evaluation is based upon von Neumann‐Morgenstern (vN‐M, 1947) Utility Theory, and is applied using Raiffa's (1970) Fractile Method.

The paper specifically applies the technique to model the perceptions of five subgroups within a community to the impact of a new light rail transit system that is being incorporated in the transportation system of the City of Calgary.

Results of the modeling indicate explicitly how the community changes its perception over ranges of values of the attributes evaluated. Biases of various subgroups within the community over these attributes are also shown. Statistical tests indicate that aggregated utility perceptions can represent the utility perceptions of the individual subgroups quite reasonably.     

船舶运输精矿粉的安全监管

介绍了船舶运输精矿粉发生的一些严重事故,全面分析了船舶运输含水量过大精矿粉所存在的危险性因素,并根据原因分析提出对此类船舶的安全监督管理建议。     

基于单目视觉的区域交通智能车辆道路边界检测方法研究

基于单目视觉的道路边界检测由于其在车辆辅助驾驶系统中的重要应用价值成为当前计算机视觉和智能车辆领域最为活跃的研究课题之一。指出图像边缘检测现有算法的不足,采用领域平均法对图像进行平滑处理,根据图像的边缘特征运用Prewitt算子实现边缘增强,以获取精确的边缘信息。使用最大熵算法分割二值化图像进一步减少噪声,从而得到良好的道路特征图像数据。利用道路约束条件,建立视觉系统动态感兴趣区域(DAOI),运用改进的Hough变换最终识别道路边界。试验结果表明:本文所述算法不仅能准确、实时检测出道路板边界,而且能有效地抑制噪声,为区域交通智能车辆的换道和超车提供研究基础。     

An efficient and exact event-based algorithm for solving simplified first order dynamic network loading problems in continuous time

In this paper a novel solution algorithm is proposed for exactly solving simplified first order dynamic network loading (DNL) problems for any generalised network. This DNL solution algorithm, termed eLTM (event-based Link Transmission Model), is based on the seminal Lighthill–Witham–Richards (LWR) model, adopts a triangular fundamental diagram and includes a generalised first order node model formulation. Unlike virtually all DNL solution algorithms, eLTM does not rely on time discretisation, but instead adopts an event based approach. The main advantage of this approach is the possibility of yielding exact results. Furthermore, an approximate version of the same algorithm is introduced. The user can configure an a-priori threshold that dictates the approximation error (measurable a-posteriori). Using this approximation the computational effort required decreases significantly, making it especially suitable for large scale applications. The computational complexity is investigated and results are demonstrated via theoretical and real world case studies. Fixed periods of stationary demands are included adopting a matrix demand profile to mimic basic departure time demand fluctuations. Finally, the information loss of the approximate solution is assessed under different configurations.