海洋钻井平台桩腿齿条板与半圆板焊接工艺试验

针对400ft钻井平台桩腿齿条板与半圆板焊接全熔透的新要求,笔者通过试验和不同施焊方法相结合的方式分析了组对间隙和清根与否等因素对Q690E试板接头根部熔深的影响。结果表明,无论采用何种焊接方法,反面清根后施焊,接头熔合状况均良好,且采用实芯焊丝比药芯焊丝接头熔深大。正面气保焊打底,反面不清根采用气保焊施焊,接头熔合不良;而反面采用埋弧焊施焊,接头可实现熔透,但工艺还有待优化,以避免结晶裂纹的产生。     

一种优化的船体外板三维点云数据提取方法

针对水火弯板机检测系统中船舶外板三维点云数据自动提取过程存在边缘噪点、板下贴合垫木识别效率低以及外板边缘拟合等问题,提出一种优化DBSCAN聚类算法,首先根据现场加工环境精简点云,利用网格划分来建立外板点云拓扑模型,然后根据DBSCAN密度聚类算法搜索出外板点云,最后采用最小二乘法进行边缘拟合。结果表明,该算法能有效识别外板边缘,提取出外板点云。     

多层挡板透空堤消浪效果影响因素试验研究

挡板式透空防波堤适用于水深较大、地基承载能力较差的情况。通过物理模型试验,验证双侧挡板透空堤结构参数与波要素对消浪效果的影响,主要研究相对板宽在[0.25,1.5]范围内透浪系数的变化规律;同时得到多层挡板消浪效果明显优于单层挡板的结论,给出工程最优设计组合。通过对透浪系数计算方法的研究,考虑水深变化与波能反射影响,对Wiegel公式与Kriebel公式进行修正得到新的结构形式并通过拟合得到双侧挡板透空式防波堤的透浪系数计算公式,与试验数据吻合较好,可供实际参考。     

循环载荷下考虑累积塑性影响的船体板CTOD理论及数值模拟研究

裂纹尖端张开位移(CTOD)是研究大范围屈服的低周疲劳破坏的重要参数之一,其值可反映结构材料抵抗低周疲劳裂纹形成和扩展的能力,是评估结构材料韧性的重要参量以及分析低周疲劳破坏引起裂纹扩展的主要控制参量。文章基于弹塑性断裂力学理论,从循环J积分着手,以裂纹尖端累积塑性应变为重要参量,建立循环载荷下船体板CTOD理论模型,并在有限元模拟中分析了应力比、应力幅等相关因素影响。将本模型结果与有限元计算结果进行了比较,发现结果吻合良好。结果表明：在考虑累积塑性影响下,该模型能较好地反映在循环载荷下船体板CTOD的变化规律,同时也为正确评估循环载荷下船体板低周疲劳破坏与累积塑性破坏两种破坏模式耦合作用的总体断裂破坏提供了途径。     

郑州黄河大桥远程振动监测系统研究

介绍郑州黄河大桥远程振动监测系统的设计方案、体系结构、总体目标、监测内容,以及系统的数据采集、数据查询及安全报警功能。运行结果表明:监测系统工作正常,性能稳定,监测数据结果可信,数据查询简单、方便;整个监测系统是柔性的、可变的,可远程设置系统的工作参数,能在一定程度上更改和扩展系统的监测内容和功能;可在线分析监测数据,远程诊断系统的工作状态,意外停机后可自动复位,实现了现场无人值守。监测系统投入运行以来,桥梁管理部门可随时了解和掌握全桥上行线各孔及下行线18孔桥梁跨中横向振动情况,发现问题可及时采取相应的技术措施和管理办法。目前,该系统正在为大桥的运营、管理和维护决策,为确保列车在桥上的行车安全和大桥本身的运营安全发挥着重要的作用。     

对相关规范中有关钻孔桩泥浆性能规定的分析

泥浆性能直接影响钻孔桩的承载力和桩侧摩阻力。讨论分析了建筑和公路桥涵施工规范对泥浆材料和性能指标的规定,指出了泥浆材料和性能指标是与钻孔桩的施工工艺、桩的规格、土层条件以及设计桩侧摩阻力的要求密切相关。     

铁路连续曲梁管道摩阻损失及钢束伸长值的分析计算

针对兰武二线河口南黄河特大桥连续曲梁的张拉施工,分析计算了空间钢束的摩擦损失及伸长值,解决了施工控制中的关键性问题。     

设计变更条件下的桥梁施工监控及摩阻测试分析

结合义乌江大桥工程实例,论述在设计变更条件下,为实现成桥后桥面线形及结构内力状态符合设计要求,以及保证设计变更前后全桥整体性能,而采取的一系列有针对性的措施,达到了有效的对线形控制和内力监测的目的。对施工中长索单端张拉时钢束实际伸长量与理论伸长量有偏差的问题进行了分析,通过现场摩阻试验, 对分析结果进行了验证,得出了一些有价值的结论。     

Estimation of the tyre–road maximum friction coefficient and slip slope based on a novel tyre model

In this article, a new approach to estimate the vehicle tyre forces, tyre–road maximum friction coefficient, and slip slope is presented. Contrary to the majority of the previous work on this subject, a new tyre model for the estimation of the tyre–road interface characterisation is proposed. First, the tyre model is built and compared with those of Pacejka, Dugoff, and one other tyre model. Then, based on a vehicle model that uses four degrees of freedom, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) method is designed to estimate the vehicle motion and tyre forces. The shortcomings of force estimation are discussed in this article. Based on the proposed tyre model and the improved force measurements, another EKF is implemented to estimate the tyre model parameters, including the maximum friction coefficient, slip slope, etc. The tyre forces are accurately obtained simultaneously. Finally, very promising results have been achieved for pure acceleration/braking for varying road conditions, both in pure steering and combined manoeuvre simulations.     

Comparative study of vehicle tyre–road friction coefficient estimation with a novel cost-effective method

This paper qualitatively and quantitatively reviews and compares three typical tyre–road friction coefficient estimation methods, which are the slip slope method, individual tyre force estimation method and extended Kalman filter method, and then presents a new cost-effective tyre–road friction coefficient estimation method. Based on the qualitative analysis and the numerical comparisons, it is found that all of the three typical methods can successfully estimate the tyre force and friction coefficient in most of the test conditions, but the estimation performance is compromised for some of the methods during different simulation scenarios. In addition, all of these three methods need global positioning system (GPS) to measure the absolute velocity of a vehicle. To overcome the above-mentioned problem, a novel cost-effective estimation method is proposed in this paper. This method requires only the inputs of wheel angular velocity, traction/brake torque and longitudinal acceleration, which are all easy to be measured using available sensors installed in passenger vehicles. By using this method, the vehicle absolute velocity and slip ratio can be estimated by an improved nonlinear observer without using GPS, and the friction force and tyre–road friction coefficient can be obtained from the estimated vehicle velocity and slip ratio. Simulations are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed estimation method.