Flow resistance characteristics of water in narrow annulus during heat exchange

Considering the special resistance characteristics of fluids flowing through ducts with small gaps, experiments are per-formed to investigate the resistance characteristics of single-phase water, which is forced to flow through vertical annuli. The gap sizes are 0.9, 1,4 and 2.4ram, respectively. The experiments are conducted under condition of 1 atm. The water in the annuli is heated by high temperature water reversely flowing through the inner tube and the outer annulus. The results show that the flow pattern begin to change from laminar to turbulent before Reynolds number approaches 2000, the flow resistance in annulus has llttie relations with the temperature difference and ways of being heated, but mainly depends on the ratio of mass flux to the width of annulus.     

The vertical and the longitudinal dynamic responses of the vehicle–track system to squat-type short wavelength irregularity

The squat, a kind of rolling contact fatigue occurring on the rail top, can excite the high-frequency vehicle–track interaction effectively due to its geometric deviations with a typical wavelength of 20–40 mm, leading to the accelerated deterioration of a track. In this work, a validated 3D transient finite element model is employed to calculate in the time domain the vertical and the longitudinal dynamic contact forces between the wheel and the rail caused by squats. The vehicle–track structure and the wheel–rail continua are both considered in order to include all the important eigencharacteristics of the system related to squats. By introducing the rotational and translational movements of the wheel, the transient wheel–rail rolling contact is solved in detail by a 3D frictional contact model integrated. The contact filter effect is considered automatically in the simulations by the finite size of the contact patch. The present work focuses on the influences of the length, width and depth of a light squat on the resulted dynamic contact forces, for which idealised defect models are used. The growth of a squat is also modelled to a certain extent by a series of defects with different dimensions. The results show that the system is mainly excited at two frequencies separately in the vertical and the longitudinal dynamics. Their superposition explains the typical appearance of mature squats. As a squat grows up, the magnitude of the excited vibration at the lower frequency increases faster than the one at the higher frequency.     

秦岭天台山隧道1#斜井取消衬砌支护的影响研究

为解决公路隧道通风斜井取消二次衬砌对洞室稳定性和通风造成影响的问题，根据秦岭天台山隧道1#斜井Ⅲ级围岩段的地层特点和施工情况，从规范符合性、结构的安全性和耐久性等方面入手，分析取消二次衬砌后该段洞室围岩喷锚衬砌安全性的问题。同时，依据相关规范和文献资料，对斜井Ⅲ级围岩喷锚衬砌段的沿程阻力系数进行修正，据此分析计算出隧道的风道压力损失，并与原设计的相关参数进行综合比较，确保在满足隧道通风系统设计要求的前提下节约工程造价。结果表明： 1）在地质围岩条件较好的地段，斜井取消二次衬砌满足规范要求，且具有足够的安全富余度； 2）在斜井喷锚衬砌的壁面粗糙度不超过30 mm、通风设备等参数增大10%的设计富余量，可抵消斜井段取消二次衬砌对该段压力损失的不利影响。     

饰性斜拉拱桥设计关键问题探讨

随着社会的不断发展进步,人们对桥梁设计美观性的要求越来越高。许多桥梁以简支梁板桥为基本体系,新增装饰性结构形成景观桥梁,以满足人们的观赏性。通过对一座装饰性斜拉拱桥设计进行总结,为今后同类型工程设计提供参考。     

基于表面构造的水泥混凝土道面抗滑模型

利用T10型测试车测试了某机场水泥混凝土跑道不同区段摩擦因数,利用照相法和特征描述法对道面不同尺度的构造进行了特征分析,基于测试结果,探讨了道面构造对其摩擦因数的影响规律,提出了基于构造特征参数的道面抗滑能力表达模型。根据对道面宏观、粗观和细观构造特征参数的相关分析,构建了基于构造特征的道面抗滑摩擦因数模型。研究结果表明:构造特征相近的道面,其构造深度为0.6～0.7cm时,摩擦因数为0.40～0.42;构造特征差异较大时,构造深度分别为0.70、0.78cm的区域,摩擦因数分别为0.43、0.75,构造特征对摩擦因数的影响不可忽视;基于道面构造特征的参数化分析,采用道面抗滑摩擦因数模型可定量分析旧道面抗滑性能。     

拱北隧道工程中曲线顶管顶进力实测分析

港珠澳大桥珠海连接线拱北隧道工程口岸暗挖段采用曲线顶管管幕支护的施工方法,在复杂地层条件下计算曲线顶管顶进力是顶管施工的重点与难点。工程共计使用了37根外径为1 620 mm、平均长度约为255 m的钢顶管。结合现场施工记录,采用2种不同的计算方式对顶进力进行了估算并与实际顶进力进行对比验证。结果表明： 经验公式中的摩阻力计算在埋深较大时比较符合实际情况,在浅层的淤泥质地层中则偏大;直接采用被动土压力计算迎面阻力是偏保守的;顶进力的大小与泥浆润滑关系密切,初始阶段泥浆的润滑作用并不显著,在形成稳定的泥浆套过程当中摩阻力会逐渐下降,甚至小于1 kN/m2。     

桩基础负摩阻力的防治措施研究

桩基础在使用阶段由于受到负摩阻力的影响而产生的不均匀沉降对基础危害较大,因此要在设计及施工中考虑可能出现的负摩阻力以保证基础的稳定性,并采取必要的措施避免出现负摩阻力。系统分析负摩阻力产生的原因,并提出具体的防治措施。     

冰雪路面事故成因分析及对策探讨

根据摩擦学原理,分析冰雪路面事故与摩擦系数之间的关系。结合国外相关经验,提出车辆行驶最佳摩擦系数。通过对不同道路行驶条件下的分级,对车辆进行安全提示,可为提高驾驶人员的安全驾驶行为和道路安全水平提供参考。     

孔壁粗糙度对深嵌岩桩承载特性的影响

为了明确孔壁粗糙度对深嵌岩桩承载特性的影响,采用室内模型试验方法,通过室内5组嵌岩桩的试验结果,分析了深嵌岩桩在桩端存在沉渣和密实2种情况下孔壁粗糙度因子对桩顶极限承载力、桩侧摩阻力和桩端阻力的影响。结果表明:粗糙孔壁对提高桩基的极限承载力是非常有利的,且桩端存在沉渣时,提高效果更为明显;在软岩地区,孔壁粗糙度对极限承载力的贡献并不是无限增长的,特别是在桩端存在沉渣的情况下,随着孔壁粗糙度的增大,极限承载力还有可能出现下降的趋势;孔壁粗糙度对桩端阻力也有一定影响,孔壁粗糙度大的桩,其桩端阻力发挥作用所需要的位移相对较小。     

箱型简支梁桥铺装结构应力分析

箱型简支梁桥面铺装沥青混凝土层的破坏常表现为层间剪切破坏、起皮拥抱,纵横裂缝等。结合桥梁结构理论和路面设计的方法,用有限元方法建立箱型简支梁桥空间实体建模,对汽车荷载作用下的箱型简支梁桥铺装结构在跨中的层间剪应力、法向拉应力以及接触层间摩擦滑动等进行计算和分析。