船舶空调系统回收柴油机缸套水余热的可行性研究

在对船舶柴油机余热应用分析的基础上,提出船舶空调系统有效回收柴油机缸套水余热的观点,利用缸套水余热给船舶空调进风进行制热或制冷,以实现船舶节能的目的。空调制热工况下,柴油机缸套水余热经过圆形翅片管换热器来加热空调进风;制冷工况下,缸套冷却水作为低温热源加热来自工质泵的低沸点制冷剂,采用蒸汽喷射式制冷来实现新风的制冷。     

高压缸内直喷发动机燃油喷射系统综述

介绍高压缸内直喷发动机燃油喷射系统的结构和原理。结合技术要求和技术发展趋势,总结对用户的经济效益和意义。     

现代汽车的排放控制技术

首先介绍汽车废气成分,然后从技术角度阐述当前汽车业普遍使用的3种排放控制技术：降低燃油消耗、对废气进行处理以及排放性能监测,使读者对现代汽车排放控制有所了解。     

无污染复合柴油添加剂的使用研究

开发研制了新一代的无污染型复合柴油添加剂，并在２１３５ＡＣ型柴油机，模拟增压单缸机以及机动车辆上测试了其使用效果。     

基于经济性和排放性的灵活燃料汽车匹配研究

根据不同混合比甲醇—汽油燃料的燃烧特性,将NEDC循环对应的发动机运行工况进行范围划分,以研究各种燃料在不同特性场范围内的性能。应用整车性能仿真软件建立了装配有甲醇—汽油灵活燃料发动机的模型,对各种配比的混合燃料进行经济性和排放性的模拟计算和分析。研究结果可以作为灵活燃料汽车经济性和排放性优化匹配的依据。     

混合动力船舶的能量管理与控制策略

  目的  为提高混合动力船舶的系统稳定性和效率,提出一种基于粒子群优化阈值的多堆燃料电池系统功率分配策略。  方法  针对多堆燃料电池和蓄电池并联构成的混合动力源系统,设计基于粒子群优化算法（PSO）的模糊逻辑能量管理策略。根据推进系统负载功率和蓄电池荷电状态（SOC）,灵活调控燃料电池单体工作组数及其输出功率,并采用PSO来优化系统的控制阈值。  结果  Matlab/Simulink仿真结果表明：该能量管理策略可以迅速满足复杂多变的负载功率需求,从而提高混合动力源的系统效率;相较于传统的能量管理策略,基于模糊逻辑和基于粒子群优化阈值的能量管理策略的氢气消耗量分别下降了18.96%和31.48%。  结论  该智能能量管理策略适用于混合动力船舶多堆燃料电池,可有效提高混合动力源的系统效率并降低氢气消耗量。     

海水源热泵空调系统在大连港大窑湾港区二期工程业务楼的应用

为了实现节能和环境大窑湾港区集装箱码头二期工程业务楼建设了海水源热泵空调系统。介绍了该项目的建设方案,建成后系统的运行情况。分析了该项目的意义,并提出了一些建议。     

Fuel demand,road transport pollution emissions and residents’ health losses in the transitional China

In recent years, China’s rapid economic growth resulted in serious air pollution, which caused substantial losses to economic development and residents’ health. In particular, the road transport sector has been blamed to be one of the major emitters. During the past decades, fluctuation in the international oil prices has imposed significant impacts on the China’s road transport sector. Therefore, inspired by Li and Zhou (2005), we propose an assumption that China’s provincial economies are independent “economic entities”. Based on this assumption, we investigate the China’s road transport fuel (i.e., gasoline and diesel) demand system by using the panel data of all 31 Chinese provinces except Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan. To connect the fuel demand system and the air pollution emissions, we propose the concept of pollution emissions elasticities to estimate the air pollution emissions from the road transport sector, and residents’ health losses by a simplified approach consisting of air pollution concentrations and health loss assessment models under different scenarios based on real-world oil price fluctuations. Our framework, to the best of our knowledge, is the first attempt to address the transmission mechanism between the fuel demand system in road transport sector and residents’ health losses in the transitional China.     

A choice experiment on alternative fuel vehicle preferences of private car owners in the Netherlands

This paper presents results of an online stated choice experiment on preferences of Dutch private car owners for alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) and their characteristics. Results show that negative preferences for alternative fuel vehicles are large, especially for the electric and fuel cell car, mostly as a result of their limited driving range and considerable refueling times. Preference for AFVs increases considerably with improvements on driving range, refueling time and fuel availability. Negative AFV preferences remain, however, also with substantial improvements in AFV characteristics; the remaining willingness to accept is on average € 10,000–€ 20,000 per AFV. Results from a mixed logit model show that consumer preferences for AFVs and AFV characteristics are heterogeneous to a large extent, in particular for the electric car, additional detour time and fuel time for the electric and fuel cell car. An interaction model reveals that annual mileage is by far the most important factor that determines heterogeneity in preferences for the electric and fuel cell car. When annual mileage increases, the preference for electric and fuel cell cars decreases substantially, whilst the willingness to pay for driving range increases substantially. Other variables such as using the car for holidays abroad and the daily commute also appear to be relevant for car choice.     

空客A319-115机型在昌都/邦达机场的运行控制研究

作为高高原复杂机场的典型代表,昌都/邦达机场安全飞行具有重要意义,研究过程结合第五版修订的《大型飞机公共航空运输承运人运行合格审定规则》相关要求,参考昌都/邦达机场不提供正常加油服务的现状,运用性能软件Performance Engineer’s Programs,以成都—邦达往返航线为例,从燃油政策、飞机性能和不提供正常加油服务三个方面对昌都/邦达机场运行控制要点展开研究,梳理出以昌都/邦达机场为代表的高高原机场运行控制的要点,以期达到高高原航线持续安全的目的。