Equilibrium analysis and route guidance in large-scale networks with MFD dynamics

Recent studies have demonstrated that Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD), which provides an aggregated model of urban traffic dynamics linking network production and density, offers a new generation of real-time traffic management strategies to improve the network performance. However, the effect of route choice behavior on MFD modeling in case of heterogeneous urban networks is still unexplored. The paper advances in this direction by firstly extending two MFD-based traffic models with different granularity of vehicle accumulation state and route choice behavior aggregation. This configuration enables us to address limited traffic state observability and to scrutinize implications of drivers’ route choice in MFD modeling. We consider a city that is partitioned in a small number of large-size regions (aggregated model) where each region consists of medium-size sub-regions (more detailed model) exhibiting a well-defined MFD. This paper proposes a route guidance advisory control system based on the aggregated model as a large-scale traffic management strategy that utilizes aggregated traffic states while sub-regional information is partially known. In addition, we investigate the effect of equilibrium conditions (i.e. user equilibrium and system optimum) on the overall network performance, in particular MFD functions.     

谈新时期铁路工程定额基本特征与工作方法

在国家启动大规模铁路建设的背景下,对铁路工程定额工作所面临的新任务和新挑战作了预测和分析,在深入阐释现阶段铁路工程定额工作的基本特点的基础上,认为要适应铁路建设的新形势,铁路工程定额工作必须加强造价管理模式、标准体系、工作方法、信息化和模拟仿真技术等方面的研究,重视定额测定和分析工作,重视人才培养。     

永电模式的形成和发展

本文通过对“永电模式”形成和发展的分析 ,提出国有企业管理和改革的根本出路     

考虑连接性的路网划分算法

针对传统K均值聚类算法在非均质路网划分应用中的不足,将路网连接性融入算法,解决其在路网划分应用中聚类结果不连续的问题.先使用最大最小距离算法确定初始聚类中心和路段差异性,并以聚类评价指标ANSK确定K值;然后统计连续时间间隔下路网划分结果的动态频数,合并和拆分不稳定的“噪声”路段,提高划分子区内路网的紧凑性.最后,基于现实路网中的车牌照自动识别实测数据,对改进的聚类方法进行了验证.将算法得到的划分效果与K均值聚类算法和Ncut算法进行对比,并对子区做宏观基本图分析.结果表明,改进后的K均值聚类算法在保证自身原有聚类优势下,可以有效实现连接性约束下的路网划分.     

多种交通方式下的城市空间分配

从集计角度分析了运行多种交通方式的城市交通系统。利用目前已受关注的宏观基本图（简称MFD）,描述城市交通的整体特性。以旧金山某区为例,使用现有数据,通过仿真论证如何应用MFD监管真实交通网络。然后讨论了同一路网中不同交通方式间如何相互作用,以及如何将这些作用纳入包含多种交通方式路网的MFD。研究得到的两个主要结论是：1）证实了已有研究猜想——对市区拥挤区域限行,可提高包括被限行者在肉的所有出行者的机动性;2）公交方式提供专用道路空间可提高所有交通方式的可达性。     

墩顶弹性约束下双柱式桥墩复合自振基频近似算法

在Rayleigh能量法和Southwell频率合成法的基础上导出墩顶弹性约束下双柱式桥墩结构复合振动基频计算公式,将基频表示成各惯性元和变形元所组成的系统频率合成,利用有限元模型验证该公式的正确性,并分析不同类型的弹簧约束刚度对桥墩自振频率的影响,对桥墩结构状态的评定具有一定的参考作用。     

一种半自动的基于图像建模系统

针对目前各种类型航海模拟器的虚拟建模效率较低与真实感较差等问题,设计与实现了一种基于多幅图像及少量用户交互恢复物体三维几何模型的系统.本系统采用稳定性好的改进Har-ris算子进行角点检测,基于角点空间特征及交叉相关实现角点的初始匹配;采用基于极线约束的角点匹配快速算法完成角点的精匹配,同时引入迭代和人工辅助修正的方法解决匹配算法的退化情况.在角点匹配结果基础上进行仿射重建,通过升级矩阵实现度量重建,在OpenGL环境下绘制出物体的三维模型框架.从原图像中抽取纹理并采用多视角图像融合的方法进行纹理映射,得到"照片级"真实感的三维模型.     

Investigating empirical implications of hysteresis in day-to-day travel time variability

Day-to-day travel time variability plays a significant role in travel time reliability. Nowadays, travelers not only seek to minimize their travel time on average, but also value its variation. The variation in the mean and the variance of travel time (across days, for the same departure time) has not been thoroughly investigated. A temporary decrease in capacity (e.g. congestion caused by an active bottleneck) leads to a quite significant difference in the variance of travel time for congestion onset and offset periods. This phenomenon results in hysteresis loops where the departure time periods in congestion offset exhibit a higher travel time variance than the ones in congestion onset with the same mean travel time. The aim of this paper is to identify empirical implications that yield to the hysteresis phenomenon in day-to-day travel times. First, empirical hysteresis loop observations are provided from two different freeway sites. Second, we investigate the potential link with the hysteresis observed in traffic networks on macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD). Third, we build a piecewise linear function that models the evolution of travel time within the day. This allows us to decompose the problem into its components, e.g. start time of congestion, peak travel time, etc. These components, along with their probability distribution functions, are employed in a Monte Carlo simulation model to investigate their partial effects on the existence of hysteresis. Correlation among critical variables is the most influential factor in this phenomenon, which should be further investigated regarding traffic flow and traffic equilibrium principles.     

高速铁路基本走向决策方法和模型

分析了高速铁路基本走向方案比选特点，应用较为成熟的AHP主观赋权法作为指标权重分配计算方法，运用多目标决策分析原理，综合多种系统评价方法提出了一种高速铁路基本走向决策方法，并建立了优选模型，决策者可以根据具体情况灵活地进行方案的评价与排序，使方案决策具有针对性。实践证明该决策方法和模型能利用全部信息，排序结果能够比较客观地符合高速铁路基本走向选择的实际情况。