铁路基础信息平台研究

以铁路信息化建设为中心,采用模板技术来研究和实现铁路基础信息平台的软件自动生成,采用Oracle高级复制研究铁路应用系统中铁道部、路局、车站三层应用架构中数据自动生成和复制,保证基础信息在全路应用中的一致性,同时方便快捷维护和同步数据的流程;研究     

Agent-based network transmission model using the properties of macroscopic fundamental diagram

The field of research that has recently come to the fore is the perimeter control, which aims to control traffic demand for a large urban area prior to controlling internal flow inside the area. Such control concept needs to be tested by simulations, hence, it is necessary to develop a model that can appropriately estimate the network-wide flow dynamics. In this paper, agent-based network transmission model (ANTM) is proposed for describing the aggregated flow dynamics over an urban area of multiple large-scale networks. The proposed model is the combination of the cell transmission model (CTM), macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD), and agent concept. The CTM-based simulation is adopted for the simplicity considering the computation requirements for real-time feasibility. The MFD concept is applied for representing the network properties, and a new approach is taken particularly for estimating network outflow affected by both demand patterns and boundary capacity. The agent concept is applied for representing drivers’ travel behaviors. The model is compared with microscopic simulations and shows reasonable accuracy for large areas. In addition, various travel direction choice behaviors are applicable to this model. Various perimeter control policies are applicable as well, thus, the proposed model can be a useful tool for testing various control methods, in terms of reducing the congestion in urban areas.     

A big data approach for clustering and calibration of link fundamental diagrams for large-scale network simulation applications

Existing methods for calibrating link fundamental diagrams (FDs) often focus on a limited number of links and use grouping strategies that are largely dependent on roadway physical attributes alone. In this study, we propose a big data-driven two-stage clustering framework to calibrate link FDs for freeway networks. The first stage captures, under normal traffic state, the variations of link FDs over multiple days based on which links are clustered in the second stage. Two methods, i.e. the standard k-means algorithm combined with hierarchical clustering and a modified hierarchical clustering based on the Fréchet distance, are applied in the first stage to obtain the FD parameter matrix for each link. The calibrated matrices are input into the second stage where the modified hierarchical clustering is re-employed as a static approach resulting in multiple clusters of links. To further consider the variations of link FDs, the static approach is extended by modifying the similarity measure through the principle component analysis (PCA). The resulting multivariate time-series clustering models the distributions of the FD parameters as a dynamic approach. The proposed framework is applied on the Melbourne freeway network using one-year worth of loop detector data. Results have shown that (a) similar roadway physical attributes do not necessarily result in similar link FDs, (b) the connectivity-based approach performs better in clustering link FDs as compared with the centroid-based approach, and (c) the proposed framework helps achieving a better understanding of the spatial distribution of links with similar FDs and the associated variations and distributions of the FD parameters.     

墩台刚度对桥跨振动的影响分析

建立墩桥联合体系的空间模型 ,以墩顶横向刚度为指标来研究墩对梁体动力响应的影响 ,并进一步采用更为普遍的梁墩刚度比来研究此问题 ,提出可进行动力简化计算的参考标准。     

结合改进跟驰模型的交通流元胞自动机模型

为更好地分析交通流运行规律,实现有效的交通控制和优化,提出结合改进跟驰模型的交通流元胞自动机(cellular Automata,CA)仿真模型.首先在分析正比于速度的间距倒数模型和Bierley模型特点的基础上,改进得到更符合实际的跟驰模型,进而创建的CA模型结合改进跟驰模型计算并离散化得到的加速度,进行车辆及整条车道的状态更新.通过模型仿真,得到速度差灵敏度系数λ、车辆间距灵敏度系数k和安全距离参数α不同取值时的交通流基本图和X-t时空状态图.通过仿真发现,λ,k的取值很大程度影响图形形状,而α的影响较小,同时模型仿真再现了交通流状态的动态衍化过程.通过试验验证,该模型仿真得到的Q-ρ关系曲线和实际交通流一致,且可模拟再现实际交通流的失稳、阻塞演化、走走停停等非线性交通流现象.     

基于仿真实验验证宏观基本图的存在性

研究采用Vissim仿真实验的方法,验证了宏观基本图模型的存在性.通过实测数据的标定,建立了阿姆斯特丹高速公路交通网络模型.为了使宏观基本图能够反映交通拥堵产生的全过程,采用实验对比的方法确定了网络交通需求的大小.通过采集关键参数验证了宏观基本图（MFD）在仿真路网中的存在性.研究分析了不同车道数的临界密度,定义了不同严重程度的路网拥堵,基于仿真数据,用MFD模型反映了路网拥堵的动态变化过程.     

考虑超级街区的城市路网边界控制策略研究

为缓解城市中心区交通拥堵状况,提出基于超级街区的路网多子区边界控制策略. 将城市区域路网划分为中心区、郊区及超级街区3个子区,结合宏观基本图(MFD)建立各子区交通流动态平衡方程;以中心区车辆出行完成率最高为目标,以边界收费费率和出、入口数量为控制变量,建立考虑车辆通道选择行为的路网多子区边界控制优化模型;并以实际路网数据为算例验证模型有效性.结果表明：边界控制策略下的中心区服务能力比无边界控制提高 7%;利用超级街区实现路网边界控制能够有效改善区域交通密度分布均衡性,提升路网服务效率;通过改变超级街区出、入口数量,实现边界控制兼备有效性和实践性.     

时速400km高速铁路预应力混凝土简支梁竖向基频下限探讨

以24～40 m典型跨度简支梁为研究对象,通过有限元计算分析,确定不同跨度桥梁及不同列车荷载的简支梁容许动力系数.基于移动荷载列-桥梁动力仿真模型,探究列车移动荷载列形式、列车时速、简支梁跨度、竖向基频对梁体动力响应的影响规律.结合梁体振动加速度、容许动力系数和规范要求,确定时速400 km高速铁路预应力混凝土简支梁桥...     

基础部教学目标管理效益的探讨

基础部教学管理的目的是要对教学全过程实施有效的领导,根据教学过程中的反馈信息,对教师的教学内容、方法和效果等实行有效的监控,调配和指挥。基础部教学目标管理是一种以人为本的更高效率的管理模式,注重将大目标分成小目标,高效率地分而治之;充分调动每个教师的积极性,发挥教研室教研活动的主体作用;注重加强教师思想政治素质的培养,提高教师职业道德水平。     

考虑前后车速度和减速幅度的元胞自动机模型

三相交通流理论和基本图方法对自由流到拥挤流的相变过程提出不同的解释,双方争议至今没有解决.基于典型慢启动模型规则,本文提出一个考虑前后车速度和减速幅度的交通流元胞自动机模型来探讨自由流到拥挤流的相变.新慢启动模型的减速幅度大小与前车速度相关,两个减速幅度值分别对应缓慢减速和急减速.新慢启动模型的数值模拟结果表明：同一密度值对应的交通状态可能是自由流,也可能是拥挤流;小堵塞集团可以稳定存在于道路系统并有同步的趋势;当道路系统中存在大量不考虑舒适驾驶并倾向于急减速的车辆,在此条件下,三相交通流理论提出的紧致压缩效应不具有合理性,自由流状态可以直接相变为堵塞状态.