多塔自锚式悬索桥竖弯基频简化计算

以多塔自锚式悬索桥为研究对象,基于能量原理,忽略影响悬索桥基频的次要因素,应用Rayleigh法推导了3塔自锚式悬索桥1阶反对称和正对称竖弯振型频率的简化计算公式,并以数值分析结果对比验证了简化公式的准确性。     

Application of method of fundamental solutions in solving potential flow problems for ship motion prediction

A novel panel-free approach based on the method of fundamental solutions (MFS) is proposed to solve the potential flow for predicting ship motion responses in the frequency domain according to strip theory. Compared with the conventional boundary element method (BEM), MFS is a desingularized, panel-free and integration-free approach. As a result, it is mathematically simple and easy for programming. The velocity potential is described by radial basis function (RBF) approximations and any degree of continuity of the velocity potential gradient can be obtained. Desingularization is achieved through collating singularities on a pseudo boundary outside the real fluid domain. Practical implementation and numerical characteristics of the MFS for solving the potential flow problem concerning ship hydrodynamics are elaborated through the computation of a 2D rectangular section. Then, the current method is further integrated with frequency domain strip theory to predict the heave and pitch responses of a containership and a very large crude carrier (VLCC) in regular head waves. The results of both ships agree well with the 3D frequency domain panel method and experimental data. Thus, the correctness and usefulness of the proposed approach are proved. We hope that this paper will serve as a motivation for other researchers to apply the MFS to various challenging problems in the field of ship hydrodynamics.     

变厚度圆柱壳的最大基频设计

研究了变厚度圆柱壳自由振动的最大基频设计问题.即在任意轴对称边界条件下,寻求圆柱壳的最优厚度分布使自振基频极大化.利用半解析元方法分析轴对称变厚度圆柱壳的自由振动,将求解自振基频归为求解广义特征值方程,使变厚度圆柱壳的最大基频设计成为极大化最小特征值问题;在此基础上利用适当优化算法求解该优化模型获得变厚度圆柱壳最大基频.典型算例表明了文中方法的有效性和计算程序的快速收敛性.     

环放路网宏观基本图信号周期敏感性分析

为揭示路网宏观基本图(MFD)对信号周期的敏感性，首先，提出一种基于GMM的宏观基本图建模方法，并在此基础上提出路网运行效率和稳定性的表征方法；其次，提出MFD 对信号周期敏感性的仿真实验设计方法；再次，以环放路网为例，进行仿真实验，分析信号周期的变化对MFD的影响，进一步揭示信号周期对路网运行效率和稳定性的影响机理. 结果表明，合理的信号周期对MFD和路网的效率及稳定性影响不大，但周期过大或过小则对MFD 和路网的运行效率及稳定性造成较大影响. 该结论可以为路网交通控制和优化提供依据.     

Perimeter and boundary flow control in multi-reservoir heterogeneous networks

In this paper, we macroscopically describe the traffic dynamics in heterogeneous transportation urban networks by utilizing the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD), a widely observed relation between network-wide space-mean flow and density of vehicles. A generic mathematical model for multi-reservoir networks with well-defined MFDs for each reservoir is presented first. Then, two modeling variations lead to two alternative optimal control methodologies for the design of perimeter and boundary flow control strategies that aim at distributing the accumulation in each reservoir as homogeneously as possible, and maintaining the rate of vehicles that are allowed to enter each reservoir around a desired point, while the system’s throughput is maximized. Based on the two control methodologies, perimeter and boundary control actions may be computed in real-time through a linear multivariable feedback regulator or a linear multivariable integral feedback regulator. Perimeter control occurs at the periphery of the network while boundary control occurs at the inter-transfers between neighborhood reservoirs. To this end, the heterogeneous network of San Francisco is partitioned into three homogeneous reservoirs and the proposed feedback regulators are compared with a pre-timed signal plan and a single-reservoir perimeter control strategy. Finally, the impact of the perimeter and boundary control actions is demonstrated via simulation by the use of the corresponding MFDs and other performance measures. A key advantage of the proposed approach is that it does not require high computational effort and future demand data if the current state of each reservoir can be observed with loop detector data.     

拉压载荷作用下裂纹板的振动研究

该文从理论上研究了受面内拉压载荷作用下裂纹板的振动问题。考虑各种参数,比如裂纹的长度、边界条件、载荷等对基频的影响。其结果与有限元进行了对比分析,得出频率随面内拉力的增大而增大,但随面内压力的增大而减小;此外,裂纹的尺寸与边界条件对频率的影响在文中也进行了详细的分析。     

钢管混凝土拱桥桥面铺装动力学特性研究

首先,建立了千岛湖钢管混凝土拱桥的3D有限元模型。通过有限元计算,得到了该钢管混凝土拱桥前8阶的自振频率和自振振型。同时,计算了该钢管混凝土拱桥的水平自振基频与竖向自振基频。接着,选用移动恒载研究车辆荷载作用下的钢管混凝土拱桥桥面铺装结构动力学特性。计算得到该钢管混凝土拱桥的共振速度并分析了桥梁共振响应的可能性。计算了不同车速下跨中节点的竖向最大位移与纵向拉应力,并进一步计算了冲击系数,提出了钢管混凝土拱桥的荷载冲击系数参考值。最后,考虑施工荷载,计算了梁底最大拉应力与最大剪应力,分析了Dynapac CC522型振动压路机施工时对桥梁结构的影响。     

Macroscopic relations of urban traffic variables: Bifurcations, multivaluedness and instability

Recent experimental work has shown that the average flow and average density within certain urban networks are related by a unique, reproducible curve known as the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD). For networks consisting of a single route this MFD can be predicted analytically; but when the networks consist of multiple overlapping routes experience shows that the flows observed in congestion for a given density are less than those one would predict if the routes were homogeneously congested and did not overlap. These types of networks also tend to jam at densities that are only a fraction of their routes’ average jam density.This paper provides an explanation for these phenomena. It shows that, even for perfectly homogeneous networks with spatially uniform travel patterns, symmetric equilibrium patterns with equal flows and densities across all links are unstable if the average network density is sufficiently high. Instead, the stable equilibrium patterns are asymmetric. For this reason the networks jam at lower densities and exhibit lower flows than one would predict if traffic was evenly distributed.Analysis of small idealized networks that can be treated as simple dynamical systems shows that these networks undergo a bifurcation at a network-specific critical density such that for lower densities the MFDs have predictably high flows and are univalued, and for higher densities the order breaks down. Microsimulations show that this bifurcation also manifests itself in large symmetric networks. In this case though, the bifurcation is more pernicious: once the network density exceeds the critical value, the stable state is one of complete gridlock with zero flow. It is therefore important to ensure in real-world applications that a network’s density never be allowed to approach this critical value.Fortunately, analysis shows that the bifurcation’s critical density increases considerably if some of the drivers choose their routes adaptively in response to traffic conditions. So far, for networks with adaptive drivers, bifurcations have only been observed in simulations, but not (yet) in real life. This could be because real drivers are more adaptive than simulated drivers and/or because the observed real networks were not sufficiently congested.     

On the macroscopic stability of freeway traffic

A simple model of traffic flow is used to analyze the spatio-temporal distribution of flow and density on closed-loop homogeneous freeways with many ramps, which produce inflows and allow outflows. As we would expect, if the on-ramp demand is space-independent then this distribution tends toward uniformity in space if the freeway is either: (i) uncongested; or (ii) congested with queues on its on-ramps and enough inflow to cause the average freeway density to increase with time. In all other cases, however, including any recovery phase of a rush hour where the freeway’s average density declines, the distribution of flow and density quickly becomes uneven. This happens even under conditions of perfect symmetry, where the percentage of vehicles exiting at every off ramp is the same. The flow-density deviations from the average are shown to grow exponentially in time and propagate backwards in space with a fixed wave speed. A consequence of this type of instability is that, during recovery, gaps of uncongested traffic will quickly appear in the unevenly congested stream, reducing average flow. This extends the duration of recovery and invariably creates clockwise hysteresis loops on scatter-plots of average system flow vs. density during any rush hour that oversaturates the freeway. All these effects are quantified with formulas and verified with simulations. Some have been observed in real networks. In a more practical vein, it is also shown that the negative effects of instability diminish (i.e., freeway flows increase) if (a) some drivers choose to exit the freeway prematurely when it is too congested and/or (b) freeway access is regulated in a certain traffic-responsive way. These two findings could be used to improve the algorithms behind VMS displays for driver guidance (finding a), and on-ramp metering rates (finding b).     

城市快速路车速离散特征及其影响因素研究

车速离散性是影响城市快速路运行效率与安全的重要特征指标.本文采用上海车牌识别系统采集的个体车速数据,使用车速方差作为特征指标,在随机基本图框架下对车速离散特征及其影响因素进行分析.通过比较发现,个体车速方差较集计车速方差数值偏大,整体稳定于5~15 km/h;随密度增大而小幅下降,可分为稳定型、递减型、抛物线型和集群型4类. 通过建立多元线性回归模型辨识了车速离散的主要影响因素,包括车道数和匝道类型等.本文拓展了交通流基本图理论,对提升城市快速路安全和效率有借鉴意义.