Port Economics,Policy and Management: Content Classification and Survey

This paper presents a taxonomy and analysis of the content of published research in port economics, policy and management (port studies). The recent increase of these publications suggests a growing interest in the study of ports. However, the research characteristics and directions of this research field are unidentified. This paper provides a systematic analysis of port studies published during the period 1997–2008. A comprehensive cross-citation and analysis of the themes, approaches and findings of all 395 relevant journal papers identifies the extent to which the research field is maturing, and the leading papers. This paper also presents an extensive analysis of the content, based on the classification of all port studies into seven research themes. For each theme, research topics, widely used research questions, concepts and research methods and the most important research findings are discussed. Finally, we identify emerging research challenges and research questions that still need to be answered.     

钢管混凝土拱桥车振性能分析

从结构基频、车辆荷载冲击系数和舒适性等方面对钢管混凝土拱桥的车振性能进行分析。应用统计分析方法研究表明，钢管混凝土拱桥的面内基频约为钢拱桥的1．33倍，同时给出了面内基频的简化计算公式。收集了多座钢管混凝土拱桥的实测冲击系数，与现行各国规范进行了比较分析，并通过对实测数据的回归分析，得出钢管混凝土拱桥冲击系数的简化计算公式，可供钢管混凝土拱桥初步设计时冲击系数估算应用。最后对钢管混凝土拱桥的舒适性评价指标进行了探讨，振动速度和振动加速度等动力参数可以较好地反应出钢管混凝土拱桥在汽车荷载通过时的振动情况与振感。     

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在分析轨道交通基础数据内容构成与数据特点的基础上，探讨了轨道交通基础数据库元数据的概念与作用，建立了完善的轨道交通基础数据库的元数据内容体系，将元数据分为数据库层元数据、数据集层元数据和要素层元数据三个层次，并详细分析了各个层次的元数据作用与元数据组成要素.本文的研究成果为轨道交通基础库平台建设及信息共享莫定了基础.     

A model‐based demand‐balancing control for dynamically divided multiple urban subnetworks

Traffic control is an effective and efficient method for the problem of traffic congestion. It is necessary to design a high‐level controller to regulate the network traffic demands, because traffic congestion is not only caused by the improper management of the traffic network but also to a great extent caused by excessive network traffic demands. Therefore, we design a demand‐balance model predictive controller based on the macroscopic fundamental diagram‐based multi‐subnetwork model, which can optimize the network traffic mobility and the network traffic throughput by regulating the input traffic flows of the subnetworks. Because the transferring traffic flows among subnetworks are indirectly controlled and coordinated by the demand‐balance model predictive controller, the subnetwork division can variate dynamically according to real traffic states, and a global optimality can be achieved for the entire traffic network. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed controller in improving the network traffic throughput. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Existence of urban-scale macroscopic fundamental diagrams: Some experimental findings

A field experiment in Yokohama (Japan) reveals that a macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) linking space-mean flow, density and speed exists on a large urban area. The experiment used a combination of fixed detectors and floating vehicle probes as sensors. It was observed that when the somewhat chaotic scatter-plots of speed vs. density from individual fixed detectors were aggregated the scatter nearly disappeared and points grouped neatly along a smoothly declining curve. This evidence suggests, but does not prove, that an MFD exists for the complete network because the fixed detectors only measure conditions in their proximity, which may not represent the whole network. Therefore, the analysis was enriched with data from GPS-equipped taxis, which covered the entire network. The new data were filtered to ensure that only full-taxi trips (i.e., representative of automobile trips) were retained in the sample. The space-mean speeds and densities at different times-of-day were then estimated for the whole study area using relevant parts of the detector and taxi data sets. These estimates were still found to lie close to a smoothly declining curve with deviations smaller than those of individual links – and entirely explained by experimental error. The analysis also revealed a fixed relation between the space-mean flows on the whole network, which are easy to estimate given the existence of an MFD, and the trip completion rates, which dynamically measure accessibility.     

基于多源数据融合的城市道路网络宏观基本图模型

宏观基本图(MFD)是描述路网平均流量和平均密度的关系模型,在路网服务水平评估、区域控制和宏观交通建模中具有重要的作用.本文以路网加权流量和加权密度为MFD描述指标,提出了一种融合微波检测器数据和车牌识别数据的MFD构建方法.为了评估不同数据源下路网MFD的有效性,提出了采用状态比指标描述 MFD的差异性.以青岛市实际数据为例,分析了单一数据来源和融合数据下的MFD变化规律.结果表明,在路网中存在不同类型检测器时,融合模型仍能够精确描述路网MFD.     

基于自适应加权平均的路网MFD估测融合方法

路网宏观基本图(Macroscopic Fundamental Diagrams,MFD)的估测方法有基于固定检测器数据估测法和基于浮动车数据估测法,但很少有文献将两者结合起来,鉴于此,本文提出以车联网环境下联网车数据估测的交通参数为检验数据,引入动态误差,建立两个自适应加权平均数据融合模型,对两种估测法所得的路网加权交通流量和路网加权交通密度分别进行数据融合,从而更加准确地估测路网MFD.为验证模型的有效性,以广州天河区核心路网为研究区域,通过Vissim交通仿真建模分析,对比各种估测法所得路网MFD参数的平均绝对相对误差、路网MFD的状态比和差异值.结果表明,经数据融合后的路网MFD参数平均绝对相对误差和路网MFD差异值均最小,最接近标准路网MFD.     

面向边界控制的路网小区划分

在城市路网中,将较为拥挤的子路网从整个路网提取出来,通过边界控制调节拥堵区域的出入流,缓解拥挤区域的拥挤程度,是解决城市交通大范围拥堵的一个有效途径。作为边界控制的对象小区,具有紧凑型的宏观基本图（Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram,MFD）是必备前提。首先利用归一分割（Normal Cut,Ncut）法将路网分割成一定数量的子路网,然后建立了在动态合并中寻找具有最优拟合度的MFD子区的数学模型。然后对模型进行分析,提出求解模型的贪婪算法。以美国爱达荷州博伊西市中心区的路网为研究对象,分析对比了该路网分别在Ji的方法和所提方法划分下的区别,发现所提方法在寻找最优MFD拟合度小区的同时也可以优化子区的密度均匀度,对路网进行合理划分。最后通过对比分析定时控制和自适应控制下小区划分结果和子路网MFD的特征发现：①最优MFD拟合度子区不仅继承了原路网的MFD基本特征,而且与原路网相比有更高的道路使用率;②非最优MFD拟合度子区的MFD特征对该子区的交通态势有一定表征;③自适应控制对路网的优化效果可在原路网和最优MFD拟合度子区的MFD特征上得到表现。     

青岛市轨道交通一期工程功能定位及客流预测

城市轨道交通建设中,客流预测是先导。在分析青岛市轨道交通一期工程功能定位的基础上,结合轨道一期工程沿线土地利用现状和规划,以及常规公交布局,对轨道交通一期工程客流进行预测分析。提出一期工程客流总量规模、站点乘降量和换乘量等客流指标。     

阿姆斯特丹城市道路线圈检测器布设方法研究

基于宏观基本图(Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram,MFD)的网络交通控制方法受到越来越多的国家的重视,它可以更有效的节约资源和提高效率。然而建立MFD需要以收集网络范围内详细的交通数据为前提,阿姆斯特丹的城市道路错综复杂,若在每个城市道路路段都布设线圈检测器需要巨大的经济支持和维护。基于Vissim的仿真实验的方法,建立阿姆斯特丹的MFD;通过实验方法确定城市道路中对于建立网络MFD起着显著的影响关键路段,为线圈检测器的布设提供了理论依据。