Equilibrium analysis and route guidance in large-scale networks with MFD dynamics

Recent studies have demonstrated that Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD), which provides an aggregated model of urban traffic dynamics linking network production and density, offers a new generation of real-time traffic management strategies to improve the network performance. However, the effect of route choice behavior on MFD modeling in case of heterogeneous urban networks is still unexplored. The paper advances in this direction by firstly extending two MFD-based traffic models with different granularity of vehicle accumulation state and route choice behavior aggregation. This configuration enables us to address limited traffic state observability and to scrutinize implications of drivers’ route choice in MFD modeling. We consider a city that is partitioned in a small number of large-size regions (aggregated model) where each region consists of medium-size sub-regions (more detailed model) exhibiting a well-defined MFD. This paper proposes a route guidance advisory control system based on the aggregated model as a large-scale traffic management strategy that utilizes aggregated traffic states while sub-regional information is partially known. In addition, we investigate the effect of equilibrium conditions (i.e. user equilibrium and system optimum) on the overall network performance, in particular MFD functions.     

驾驶人“感知-决策-操控”行为模型

为准确模拟驾驶人跟车行为，提出基于隐马尔可夫模型(Hidden Markov Model，HMM)的驾驶人“感知-决策-操控”行为模型。建立描述驾驶意愿的HMM模型，模拟驾驶人感知过程，获得期望的车间距；预测模块模拟驾驶人根据交通环境和自身生理、心理状态预测车辆未来轨迹，即决策过程；优化模块描述驾驶人为使预测的车辆轨迹跟踪上期望的车辆间距而采取的操控汽车的执行动作，即操控过程。上述3个模块的滚动过程实现了对驾驶人跟车行为的模拟。利用自然驾驶数据进行算例分析，结果表明，本文模型预测车间距平均误差仅为1.47%，证明了所建模型的有效性及准确性。本文为驾驶行为建模方法的理论研究和应用拓宽了思路。     

Performance Comparison and Analysis of Heating and Ventilation of Two Kinds of Roof Solar Collectors

Two roof solar collectors (RSCs), conventional single pass RSC and new double pass RSC, were compared. The new roof solar collector, which is formed by integrating a double pass solar air collector with the roof of the building, can be operated more efficiently for space heating in winter, and for natural ventilation in other seasons. To evaluate the performances of the two RSCs for both space heating and natural ventilation, a single traditional Chinese style house, on which the two RSCs will be mounted, was developed. The efficiency of solar energy conversion for the new RSC is higher than that of the single pass one by 10% on average, and the ventilation rate contributed by natural ventilation for the new RSC can be improved to a great extent for most cases, indicating that the new RSC is superior to the single pass one from the viewpoint of both space heating and natural ventilation. The new RSC is more potential for improving indoor thermal environment and energy saving of buildings.     

基于有限元法的船用浮筏隔振系统仿真计算

采用有限元法对某船用浮筏隔振装置的静态特性、固有振动特性、隔振效果和抗冲击性能进行了数值分析，并对浮筏隔振装置的隔振效果进行了测试，浮筏隔振装置的加速度振级落差实验台架测试结果超过35dB，测试结果表明文中的数值分析方法是可行的．     

谈新时期铁路工程定额基本特征与工作方法

在国家启动大规模铁路建设的背景下,对铁路工程定额工作所面临的新任务和新挑战作了预测和分析,在深入阐释现阶段铁路工程定额工作的基本特点的基础上,认为要适应铁路建设的新形势,铁路工程定额工作必须加强造价管理模式、标准体系、工作方法、信息化和模拟仿真技术等方面的研究,重视定额测定和分析工作,重视人才培养。     

城市轨道交通组织管理模式研究

阐述国内城市轨道交通不同的组织管理模式。以规模经济、范围经济和自然垄断理论为基础,对国内城市轨道交通组织管理模式进行比较;通过深入分析深圳市轨道交通组织管理中存在的问题,提出全网络一体化集中管理的模式。     

含钢率对钢管砼拱桥动力特性的影响

按照“统一理论”计算钢管砼构件的弹性模量 ,采用空间有限元方法建立钢管砼拱桥的动力方程 ,并用子空间迭代法求解该方程的特征值 .分析不同含钢率对钢管砼拱桥动力特性的影响     

Study of Temperature Field in Natural Ventilated Atrium

Full-scale experimental measurements and modified k-ε two-equation computational fluid dynamics(CFD) model with buoyancy term are used to investigate temperature field of the single-sided natural ventilated atrium with large openings. Compared with the measured values, the modified k--ε turbulent mode can effectively simulate the low Reynold number airflow in the single-side naturally ventilated atrium. Based on the experiment,the optimum period of utilizing natural ventilation for indoor climate control was determined. And the characteristic of the temperature field was analyzed and classified into two zones:lower linear temperature distribution zone and upper thermal accumulation area where temperature is power function distributed. These can be referenced for design and operation of atrium in north China.     

LNG燃料船气罐连接处所内的泄漏试验及数值模拟研究

为明确现有液化天然气(LNG)燃料船气罐连接处所使用过程中需遵循的各项指标,对气罐连接处所内LNG泄漏进行了试验和数值模拟。试验以典型尺度等比不锈钢方盒为箱体,附带一个每小时换气30次的通风系统来模拟实际模型,LN2作为媒介,对气罐连接处所的安全性进行了测试,并基于挪威三维计算流体力学(CFD)软件FLACS对相关场景进行了仿真计算。试验发现在一般条件和恶劣条件泄漏时,现有的船用气罐连接处所内没有形成累积压力;当处所内低温液体液位达到0.3m时将气罐连接处所完全封闭,2分钟后处所内累积最大压力仅为0.0012MPa,不会对处所强度构成威胁,FLACS计算结果与试验结果完全吻合。采用FLACS软件对2分钟以后的场景进行了模拟分析,计算结果显示气罐连接处所在完全封堵下发生LNG泄漏的极限承载时间大约为4分钟。研究结果表明,现有的船用气罐连接处所设计时可忽略累积压力的影响,但考虑到极限条件存在,需对该处所进行评估,制定极限条件下的应急预案。     

吊杆损伤对钢管混凝土拱桥自振特性影响的分析

以京珠高速公路郑州黄河大桥主桥为研究对象,采用ANSYS有限元程序,建立该下承式钢管混凝土拱桥的空间有限元计算模型,分析不同吊杆损伤对桥梁自振特性的影响,计算结果表明,吊杆损伤对该拱桥的自振频率影响较大,吊杆损伤导致桥梁竖向和扭转自振频率降低.计算结果可为桥梁使用阶段的健康检测和维护提供参考.