套筒式收发球在天然气管道内检测中的应用

为解决特殊清管器和检测器以及有特殊结构收发球筒的管道难以实施内检测的问题,以某天然气管道为例,详细介绍了在多节检测器安装困难、收发球筒尺寸过短、附件安装位置不合适等限制条件下,采用套筒式收发球方式对管道进行收发球作业,安全顺利完成了管道内检测。结论认为套筒式收发球能够在不进行收发球筒改造的前提下,完成带有特殊结构收发球筒的管道内检测作业。     

Benefit of speed reduction for ships in different weather conditions

Currently, the shipping industry is facing a great challenge of reducing emissions. Reducing ship speeds will reduce the emissions in the immediate future with no additional infrastructure. However, a detailed investigation is required to verify the claim that a 10% speed reduction would lead to 19% fuel savings (Faber et al., 2012).This paper investigates fuel savings due to speed reduction using detailed modeling of ship performance. Three container ships, two bulk carriers, and one tanker, representative of the shipping fleet, have been designed. Voyages have been simulated by modeling calm water resistance, wave resistance, propulsion efficiency, and engine limits. Six ships have been simulated in various weather conditions at different speeds. Potential fuel savings have been estimated for a range of speed reductions in realistic weather.It is concluded that the common assumption of cubic speed-power relation can cause a significant error in the estimation of bunker consumption. Simulations in different seasons have revealed that fuel savings due to speed reduction are highly weather dependent. Therefore, a simple way to include the effect of weather in shipping transport models has been proposed.Speed reduction can lead to an increase in the number of ships to fulfill the transport demand. Therefore, the emission reduction potential of speed reduction strategy, after accounting for the additional ships, has been studied. Surprisingly, when the speed is reduced by 30%, fuel savings vary from 2% to 45% depending on ship type, size and weather conditions. Fuel savings further reduce when the auxiliary engines are considered.     

Using GPS-data to determine optimum electric vehicle ranges: A Michigan case study

Fuel-switching personal transportation from gasoline to electricity offers many advantages, including lower noise, zero local air pollution, and petroleum-independence. But alleviations of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are more nuanced, due to many factors, including the car’s battery range. We use GPS-based trip data to determine use type-specific, GHG-optimized ranges. The dataset comprises 412 cars and 384,869 individual trips in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. We use previously developed algorithms to determine driver types, such as using the car to commute or not. Calibrating an existing life cycle GHG model to a forecast, low-carbon grid for Ann Arbor, we find that the optimum range varies not only with the drive train architecture (plugin-hybrid versus battery-only) and charging technology (fast versus slow) but also with the driver type. Across the 108 scenarios we investigated, the range that yields lowest GHG varies from 65 km (55+ year old drivers, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid) to 158 km (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only). The optimum GHG reduction that electric cars offer – here conservatively measured versus gasoline-only hybrid cars – is fairly stable, between 29% (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only) and 46% (commuters, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid). The electrification of total distances is between 66% and 86%. However, if cars do not have the optimum range, these metrics drop substantially. We conclude that matching the range to drivers’ typical trip distances, charging technology, and drivetrain is a crucial pre-requisite for electric vehicles to achieve their highest potential to reduce GHG emissions in personal transportation.     

基于电解海水法的船舶废气脱硫脱硝装置设计

设计一种利用海水淡化的生成物浓缩海水作为电解海水的原料,通过隔膜电解海水生成强氧化性溶液和强碱性溶液,利用强氧化性溶液与船舶废气中的SOX进行反应,强碱性溶液与船舶废气的NOX进行反应,从而达到废气的脱硫脱硝.为此,设计一套完整的基于电解海水的脱硫脱硝方案,将强氧化性溶液与强碱性溶液通过喷淋雾化的形式喷射出来,与船舶废...     

高压供气系统设计安装问题浅析

高压气源站作为一种动力和测试气源,广泛应用在航天、航空、船舶、化工、制药等行业,具有不可替代的作用。高压气站供气系统安全正常运行的基础是设计科学,安装合理。本文在对多个高压供气系统分析总结的基础上找出了现在高压供气安装中存在的问题,分析了原因,规范了管道安装的有关工艺流程和安装测试方法。     

天然气输送用双抗型钢管的焊接工艺试验研究

为了研究影响双抗型钢管的抗氢诱导裂纹和抗硫化物应力腐蚀开裂的产生因素,对某双抗型钢管采用双V型坡口形式,通过不同线能量下手工电弧焊工艺施焊后,对焊接接头的力学性能、焊接裂纹性能、最高硬度、金相组织进行试验分析.采用美国腐蚀工程师协会的试验方法进行试验,发现钢管焊缝试样的硫化氢应力腐蚀裂纹大多沿着粒状贝氏体晶界和焊缝组织...     

一种天然气发动机尾气净化技术路线探索

为使天然气发动机满足现阶段排放要求,主流企业均采用当量燃烧+EGR+TWC技术路线,文章通过研究一种提高天然气发动机进气量的燃烧及相应的尾气净化技术,同样可以满足排放要求,且发动机无需EGR,结构简单,气耗更低,同时有效降低整车热负荷,为重型天然气发动机满足更高排放要求提供新的解决思路。     

基于支持向量机的发动机气路故障预诊断

为实现航空发动机气路故障在线预诊断,分析了地空数据链系统中发动机气路参数报文的协议格式,建立了基于支持向量机算法的发动机气路参数在线预测模型。以便携式地空数据链收发系统为硬件基础,构建发动机报文并行处理系统,获取建模所需的训练样本。利用最终误差预报准则确定样本数据嵌入维数,实现时序样本数据的相空间重构。提出自适应网格搜索法优化支持向量机建模参数,获得气路参数在线预测模型,与航路飞机建立地空数据链通信,预测气路参数趋势。预测结果表明:参数低压转子转速、高压转子转速、尾气温度与燃油流量的相对预测误差分别为2.5%、2.1%、1.9%与2.3%,因此,支持向量机模型具有较高预测精度。     

燃机动力学建模中复杂结构处理方法研究

提出了三种以动力学相似为基础的转子动力学建模关键技术,并以某型燃气轮机建模为例,对该关键技术进行了验证。利用三种方法,对该燃气轮机的动力学特性进行研究,并与整机试验结果进行了对比。结果表明,动力学分析的准确程度主要由模型决定,本文所提出的三种建模关键技术能够反映结构的真实特性,可用于具有类似结构的双转子系统。     

PCTC船货舱通风系统设计

PCTC船货舱通风系统的设计是整个PCTC船设计的一个重要组成部分,关系到总体、结构、舾装、轮机和电气等多个专业的设计。近几年来,PCTC船的货舱通风系统的设计也在不断的变化、改进和优化中,本人基于本所目前设计开发的6600UNITS PCTC船型,对这些年来PCTC船货舱通风系统的设计做了一个总结和分析,供相关设计人员参考。