动力定位船舶的自适应滑模观测器设计

针对含有未知扰动等不确定性的船舶动力定位系统,在系统不确定性不满足匹配条件的情况下,提出了一种自适应滑模观测器的设计方法。首先通过构造辅助输出使匹配条件得以满足,设计高增益观测器估计含有未知变量的辅助输出;接着基于滑模变结构理论对带有辅助输出的新系统进行观测器设计,通常船舶动力定位系统的不确定性上界值未知,采用自适应律调整滑模面增益,保证系统鲁棒性的同时还可避免增益取值过大而造成的抖振问题;然后将观测器增益矩阵的设计转化为求解线性矩阵不等式约束的优化问题;最后通过仿真验证了所提方法的有效性。     

Journey to work and job search characteristics of the urban poor

Gender differences in work trip and job search patterns have received several analytical attention in recent years. A consistent finding in the literature is that women work closer to home than men because of their lower income, greater household responsibilities, and heavier reliance on public transit. While these findings pervade the literature, there has been little analysis into the extent to which they hold in the exclusive case of the urban poor. Can poor women afford to choose between jobs on the basis of journey to work considerations, any more than poor men? Using a survey data from Edmonton, this study examines the gender differences in commuting and job search patterns of the urban poor. The findings suggest that, even among the low income population, women have shorter work trips and greater preference for part-time jobs than men because of their child care and household responsibilities. More women than men did not have enough time for their job search activities; and fewer women than men were prepared to accept job offers in all parts of the study area due to their household responsibilities. The results suggest that while males' employment problems are tied primarily to the working of the labour market, through inadequate skills and lack of good-paying jobs, females' employment problems are more explicable in terms of their role as mothers and homemakers.     

Exploring gendered cycling behaviours within a large-scale behavioural data-set

Analysing over 10 million journeys made by members of London's Cycle Hire Scheme, we find that female customers' usage characteristics are demonstrably different from those of male customers. Usage at weekends and within London's parks characterises women's journeys, whereas for men, a commuting function is more clearly identified. Some of these variations are explained by geo-demographic differences and by an atypical period of usage during the first three months after the scheme's launch. Controlling for each of these variables brings some convergence between men and women. However, many differences are preserved. Studying the spatio-temporal context under which journeys are made, we find that women's journeys are highly spatially structured. Even when making utilitarian cycle trips, routes that involve large, multi-lane roads are comparatively rare, and instead female cyclists preferentially select areas of the city associated with slower traffic streets and with cycle routes slightly offset from major roads.     

三阶非线性方程三点周期边值问题的存在性

研究了三阶非线性方程的一类三点周期边值问题,利用Volterra型积分算子和微分不等式理论,得到了解的存在性.     

时间阈值对公交不平等评价结果的影响

时间阈值对公交可达性计算结果的影响,是否进一步影响到公交不平等评价结果,尚不明 确。以浙江省海宁市为例,用一种改进的两步移动搜索法(E2SFCA)计算公交可达性,得到 10~90 min共9个时间阈值下研究区域的总体、市区和农村公交服务的基尼系数,比较了不同时间 阈值下的基尼系数差异;按市区和农村两个群组对总体基尼系数进行分解,分析在时间阈值下群 组内和群组间不平等对总体公交不平等的影响。结果发现：随时间阈值增大而基尼系数逐渐减 小,公交不平等评价由“差距悬殊”变为“相对合理”;总体公交不平等的主要来源为群组内不平等 且贡献率在10~40 min时逐渐下降,在50~90 min时逐渐上升。研究表明,不同时间阈值会使公交 不平等评价结果出现偏差甚至得到相反的结论,有必要进一步研究消除时间阈值影响的方法。     

铁路物流中心规模设计优化模型研究

构建了铁路物流中心规模设计优化的双层规划模型.上层规划考虑了铁路运输成本、公路运输成本及建设成本,使系统总成本最小;下层规划使用变分不等式模型描述用户选择铁路物流中心的均衡态.采用EDO算法进行求解.算例验证了模型及算法的可行性与有效性.     

高职院校先进性别文化的内在理论培养与外在实践研究

文章基于职业院校本身的特点及其学生的特质分析认为,在职业院校进行先进性别文化观念的培养,有其必要性与现实可行性,并从性别文化这个独特的审美维度,帮助学生在性别自我认知基础上,充分发挥两性性别优势,在性别平等条件下达到性别和谐发展,促进学生自身完善发展。     

三阶非线性微分差分方程两点边值问题的奇摄动

利用微分不等式技巧,研究了一类三阶非线性微分差分方程的两点边值问题的奇摄动.在上下解存在的条件下,建立了解的存在性与唯一性.结果表明:这种技巧为其它边值问题的研究提出了崭新的思路.     

���û��෽ʽ��Ͻ�ͨ������ģ�ͼ�����㷨

在城市混合交通路网中,出行者通常根据自己的出行偏好选择自己的交通方式和出行路径. 考虑城市道路中不同交通方式之间的相互影响,把出行者按照时间价值划分为多个用户类型,每类出行者可选择自驾车、出租车或公交车方式出行. 为解决这个多交通模式相互影响的混合交通均衡分配问题,从交通需求的角度出发,基于BPR公式构造了城市混合交通网络的路段旅行时间函数,建立了多用户多方式混合交通均衡变分不等式模型,并设计了基于对角化技术与MSA方法的混合求解算法. 算例结果表明,高时间价值类出行者倾向于选择自驾车或出租车出行,低时间价值类出行者倾向于选择公交车出行.