Experimental investigation of abrasive flow machining effects on injector nozzle geometries,engine performance,and emissions in a di diesel engine

The effects of the Abrasive Flow Machining (AFM) process on a direct injection (DI) Diesel engine fuel injector nozzle are studied. Geometry characterization techniques were developed to measure the microscopic variations inside the nozzle before and after the process. This paper also provides empirically-based correlations of the nozzle geometry changes due to the AFM process. The resulting impact of the process on the engine performance and emissions are also assessed with a DI Diesel engine test setup. This study shows that properly AFM-processed injectors can enhance engine performance and improve emissions due to the improved quality of the nozzle characteristics. However, an extended process can also cause enlargement of the nozzle hole as a side effect, which can adversely affect emissions. Emission measurements show the trade-off for the minimum levels as the process proceeds. Since the enlargement of the hole during the AFM process is not avoidable and must be minimized, strict control over the process is required. This control can be enforced by either limiting the AFM processing period, or by properly preparing the initial hole diameter so as to accommodate the inevitable changes in the nozzle geometry.     

基于几何控制法的斜拉桥参数敏感性分析

从几何控制法的基本思想出发,以苏通长江公路大桥施工控制项目为背景,建立全桥模型模拟全桥施工全过程,找出基准状态下的钢箱梁无应力线形和成桥状态下斜拉索无应力索长。在保证钢箱梁无应力线形和成桥斜拉索无应力索长不变的条件下,分析了主梁重量、斜拉索刚度、临时施工荷载等结构参数变化对成桥线形、应力的影响。     

Robust optimisation of railway crossing geometry

This paper presents a methodology for improving the crossing (frog) geometry through the robust optimisation approach, wherein the variability of the design parameters within a prescribed tolerance is included in the optimisation problem. Here, the crossing geometry is defined by parameterising the B-spline represented cross-sectional shape and the longitudinal height profile of the nose rail. The dynamic performance of the crossing is evaluated considering the variation of wheel profiles and track alignment. A multipoint approximation method (MAM) is applied in solving the optimisation problem of minimising the contact pressure during the wheel–rail contact and constraining the location of wheel transition at the crossing. To clarify the difference between the robust optimisation and the normal deterministic optimisation approaches, the optimisation problems are solved in both approaches. The results show that the deterministic optimum fails under slight change of the design variables; the robust optimum, however, has improved and robust performance.     

激光参数对高强度不锈钢搭接焊接结构和断裂行为的影响

通过焊接和拉伸试验及微观组织分析,研究了焊接参数对高强度301L-HT板搭接非熔透激光焊接接头结构、断裂行为和力学性能的影响.结果表明：激光焊缝的硬度为HV215,δ铁素体比电阻点焊少,热影响区硬度更接近于母材;焊缝几何结构对激光参数敏感,熔深变化的规律性更明显,特定部位的熔宽与焊接参数耦合有关;板材厚度相同的焊接接头变形刚度接近,焊缝的几何结构决定最后的变形和断裂行为,焊接内板的弯曲变形角度比外板大,两板的弯曲角度差随熔深增加而减小;焊接板弯曲角度和焊接强度随焊缝尺寸同步升高;焊缝硬度低于母材和热影响区导致拉伸变形集中在很窄的区域,焊接接头的断裂位移都小于2mm.     

撇开灭点的成角透视图作图方法及正确性验证

本文介绍一种不受来点远近限制的成角透视图法,并对共进行几何论证,结果表明,这是一种遵循几何学原理的科学作图方法,可以推广应用。     

机器视觉中的几何畸变校正软件设计

针对基于视觉的机械钻孔中的定位问题,建立靶标图像的仿射模型和网格模型,对畸变图像进行整体和分区细化两种校正分析,实验结果显示：在靶标精确的情况下,仿真加工的校正误差不会超过0．1mm．     

交通事故现场图像拼接方法研究

在交通事故现场勘测中,利用事故现场俯视摄影图,可全面、快速地记录事故现场信息。通过交通事故现场俯视摄影图像几何校正模型对俯视摄影图进行几何校正后,图像存在视场角度小,局部场景丢失的缺点。在分析几何校正坐标变换数学模型的基础上,提出了基于特征线的交通事故现场照片匹配法,实现了图像拼接;并以例证校验了方法的有效性。     

基于避碰几何的本船安全航向区间的估算模型

根据当前目标船与本船的相对运动关系以及最小安全会遇距离DCPAS,采用避碰几何的方法建立起本船安全航向区间的估算模型。同时对数学上的解给出避碰领域的实际意义,解算的结果对避碰方案的制定有重要参考价值。     

Vehicle steering returnability with maximum steering wheel angle at low speeds

In this paper, an analytical model with suitable vehicle parameters, together with a multi-body model is proposed to predict steering returnability in low-speed cornering with what is expected to be adequate precision as the steering wheel moves from lock to lock. This model shows how the steering response can be interpreted in terms of vertical force, lateral force with aligning moment, and longitudinal force. The simulation results show that vertical steering rack forces increase in the restoring direction according to steering rack displacement for both the inner and outer wheels. As lateral forces due to side-slip angle are directed toward the medial plane of the vehicle in both wheels, the outer wheel pushes the steering wheel in the returning direction while the inner wheel does not. In order to improve steering returnability, it is possible to increase the total steering rack force in both road wheels through adjustments to the kingpin axis and steering angle. This approach is useful for setting up a proper suspension geometry during conceptual chassis design.     

梁单元非线性几何方程的精确表达式

笔者写出了梁单元非线性几何方程的精确表达式 ,可供参考