On accommodating spatial dependence in bicycle and pedestrian injury counts by severity level

This paper proposes a new spatial multivariate count model to jointly analyze the traffic crash-related counts of pedestrians and bicyclists by injury severity. The modeling framework is applied to predict injury counts at a Census tract level, based on crash data from Manhattan, New York. The results highlight the need to use a multivariate modeling system for the analysis of injury counts by road-user type and injury severity level, while also accommodating spatial dependence effects in injury counts.     

Door-to-door travel times in RP departure time choice models: An approximation method using GPS data

A common way to determine values of travel time and schedule delay is to estimate departure time choice models, using stated preference (SP) or revealed preference (RP) data. The latter are used less frequently, mainly because of the difficulties to collect the data required for the model estimation. One main requirement is knowledge of the (expected) travel times for both chosen and unchosen departure time alternatives. As the availability of such data is limited, most RP-based scheduling models only take into account travel times on trip segments rather than door-to-door travel times, or use very rough measures of door-to-door travel times. We show that ignoring the temporal and spatial variation of travel times, and, in particular, the correlation of travel times across links may lead to biased estimates of the value of time (VOT). To approximate door-to-door travel times for which no complete measurement is possible, we develop a method that relates travel times on links with continuous speed measurements to travel times on links where relatively infrequent GPS-based speed measurements are available. We use geographically weighted regression to estimate the location-specific relation between the speeds on these two types of links, which is then used for travel time prediction at different locations, days, and times of the day. This method is not only useful for the approximation of door-to-door travel times in departure time choice models, but is generally relevant for predicting travel times in situations where continuous speed measurements can be enriched with GPS data.     

信息可视化设计在西安地铁导向标志系统中的应用

在分析西安地铁站的空间信息构成与规划的基础上,运用信息可视化设计理念,脱离现有的标志设计理念,对西安地铁空间元素、标志设施进行整合,重构地铁空间的信息系统,提出全站空间信息可视化思路,从而解决西安地铁空间导向标志信息的识别性、文化性的问题,为乘客提供人性化、系统化的信息识别设计。     

轨道客车多维速度检测信息的数据融合技术

为充分发挥各种轨道客车速度检测装置在不同工况下的性能优势,针对来源于轴端速度传感器、多普勒雷达、北斗导航系统及惯性导航的多维速度检测信号,采用扩展式卡尔曼滤波算法进行数据融合,在线调整算法中各信号的参数权重,实现对轨道客车速度信息的最优估计。仿真验证结果表明,该技术能够得到真实可靠的轨道客车速度信息。     

基于列车实时数据协议的以太网高速通信技术

为了满足列车通信网络中过程数据与消息数据传输的需要,在可扩展处理平台上,设计了一种基于列车实时数据协议(TRDP)的以太网网卡,并在此基础上提出一种片间总线接口方法,实现了对过程数据和消息数据的实时交互,解决了传统片间总线速率低的问题;同时利用串并联端接电阻,从硬件上改善了高速片间总线的信号完整性,保证了高速模式下过程数据与消息数据的实时交互;在所搭建的研究测试平台上,实现了TRDP对过程数据的高速传输。     

高速公路交通动态数据检测技术应用研究

在分析高速公路各种交通动态数据检测技术特性和精度的基础上,通过现场调研与试验,分析交通检测技术的应用特性,重点研究超声波与微波非接触式检测技术的应用功能;通过建立交通数据采集站,系统地研究基于微波——线圈的组合应用及其数据融合。试验结果表明,非接触式交通检测技术在高速公路动态数据检测中可以使用,但不宜单独使用;应采用多种检测技术,通过多检测技术数据融合的检测精度能够提高10％～20％。     

Gas anxiety and the charging choices of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle drivers

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) can provide many of the benefits of battery electric vehicles (BEVs), such as reduced petroleum consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, without the “range anxiety” that can accompany driving a vehicle with limited range when there are few charging opportunities. However, evidence indicates that PHEVs are often plugged in more frequently than BEVs in practice. This is somewhat paradoxical: drivers for whom plugging in is optional tend to do so more frequently than those for whom it is necessary. This has led to the coining of a new term – “gas anxiety” – to describe the apparent desire of PHEV drivers to avoid using gasoline. In this paper, we analyze the variables influencing the charging choices of PHEV owners, testing whether drivers express preferences consistent with the concept of gas anxiety. We analyze data collected in a web-based stated preference survey using a latent class logit model. The results reveal two classes of decision-making patterns among the survey respondents: (1) those who weight the cost of gasoline and the cost of recharging approximately equally (the cost-minimizing class), and (2) those who weight the cost gasoline more heavily than the cost of recharging (the gas anxiety class). Respondents in the gas anxiety class expressed a willingness to recharge at a charging station even when doing so would cost approximately four times as much as the cost of the gasoline avoided. While the gas anxiety class represents the majority of our sample, more recent PHEV adopters are more likely to be in the cost-minimizing class. Looking forward, this suggests that public charging station operators may need to price charging competitively with gasoline on a per-mile basis to attract PHEV owners.     

多雷达与ADS数据融合的可变周期更新算法

为提高空中交通管制系统的整体监视精度, 在研究自动相关监视(automatic dependent surveillance简称ADS)信息与雷达监视信息构成和特征差异的基础上, 通过建立ADS目标与雷达目标之间的数据关联映射关系, 构造了一个将ADS数据与多雷达数据融合处理的过程模型, 提出了基于ADS报告周期调整ADS航迹与雷达航迹融合权重因子的可变周期更新算法。应用结果表明更新算法实现了两类信息的深度融合和对有效信息的综合利用, 既保证了当ADS报告更新率较高时ATC监视的整体精度, 又提高了ADS报告更新率较低时目标航迹的连续性, 降低雷达测量误差对系统监视精度的影响, 是一种用于空中交通管制系统监视数据处理的有效方法。     

5T设备综合管理信息系统的开发与应用

针对5T系统的检修、维护和管理工作需要信息化管理,传统的设备管理系统不能满足5T特有的需求,本文给出5T设备综合管理信息系统的实现方法,阐述该系统的结构组成、主要功能以及关键技术,具有很好的应用效果.     

水平荷载作用下两种桩土模拟算法对高桩码头横向排架的影响

以某码头工程为例,横向排架按柔性桩台考虑,将实际结构图简化得到其计算简图;基于m法和假想嵌固点法,分别采用弹性嵌固和固端约束模拟桩土相互作用,利用ANSYS建立2种有限元模型计算水平力作用下横向排架的内力和变形;采用SPSS对计算结果进行数据统计分析。结果显示:当显著水平α取0.05时,采用m法和假想嵌固点法计算桩土相互作用对水平力作用下横向排架的内力和变形的影响无显著差异。