鲁中山区公路岩石路堑边坡植被自然恢复初步调查

为探讨公路岩石路堑边坡植被的自然恢复效果,为山区公路边坡防护设计和植被恢复设计提供参考,调查了鲁中山区的6条省道和2条国道,得到了边坡的岩石类别、风化程度,以及边坡的建设年限、坡度、坡高和边坡植被的覆盖度与优势物种,并简要分析了植被自然恢复的原因。初步结果显示:(1)花岗岩、闪长岩边坡的植被自然恢复效果远好于石灰岩边坡;(2)黄背草、荩草等为花岗岩和闪长岩边坡的优势物种,而荆条、酸枣等为石灰岩边坡的优势物种。建议:(1)对稳定的花岗岩和闪长岩边坡宜采用不妨碍植被生长的防护型式,实现植被的自然恢复;(2)对石灰岩边坡,宜采用岩石裸露处理,并穴栽灌木进行美化;(3)高速公路建设资金充裕不应成为随意扩大边坡工程防护的理由,将边坡植被自然恢复的理念应用到高速公路边坡设计中非常重要。     

新建茂湛铁路对湛江红树林自然保护区的影响分析

新建茂名至湛江铁路于DK68＋450-DK68＋700以石门特大桥的形式穿越广东湛江红树林国家级自然保护区,本文简要介绍了茂湛铁路、广东湛江红树林国家级自然保护区以及二者之间的关系,并在对保护区红树林生态系统和生物资源等进行实地调查的基础上,客观分析和评估了铁路建设对保护区的生物资源、生态系统和主要保护对象的影响。认为茂湛铁路建设对保护区的影响相对较小,并提出了减轻影响和生态恢复等措施。     

公路路域环境生态恢复的若干问题探讨

针对高速公路建设过程中因忽视扰动土壤的生态管理而导致植被营建失败和成本居高不下的普遍问题,结合我国公路景观生态工程建设的实际,对路域环境生态恢复的基本原则进行了探讨和论证,提出了一些路域环境生态恢复技术措施。     

基于图论理论的舰船配电网故障恢复算法

提出基于最小生成树理论和分割分层拓扑模型的舰船配电网故障恢复快速算法,利用图对实际配电网进行符合图论要求的简化,给出舰船电力系统的配电网络分割分层拓扑结构,建立综合了舰船负载优先级、开关动作次数最少、电网可靠性最高为目标的数学模型。考虑了线路容量限制、配电网连通性及节点电压约束的约束条件。理论分析及实例证明,算法充分利用舰船配电网监控系统中的实时信息,能提供最优解,直接控制相关开关动作,具有明确的可操作性。     

混沌遗传算法在船舶电力系统供电恢复中的应用研究

实现船舶电力系统的快速供电恢复是一个复杂的多目标非线性组合优化问题.根据系统的特点,采用混沌自适应遗传算法,使用混沌优化产生初始群体,以保证初始种群含有较丰富的模式,从而增加搜索快速收敛于全局最优解的可能,然后通过采用精英保留的选择机制和自适应交叉、变异概率,有效地加快了算法的收敛速度.船舶电力系统典型故障恢复算例表明,该算法改善了遗传算法的性能,提高了算法的收敛速度及精度,避免了不成熟收敛,较好地实现了船舶电力系统的多目标故障恢复.     

一种基于MPLS-DiffServ流量工程的故障恢复模型

针对基于MPLS流量工程的本地、路径、重路由故障恢复模型存在资源利用率不高、恢复周期较长的缺点,提出了一种基于MPLS-DiffServ流量工程的故障恢复模型。该模型根据网络的故障发生概率、故障恢复时延的要求与网络资源利用率等参数和数据流分类进行配置,选择路径恢复算法。结果表明,该模型提高了资源利用率,缩短了故障恢复周期,对网络数据流故障恢复具有较强的有效性。     

A Participatory Approach to Marine Habitat Mapping in the Grenadine Islands

Increasing interest in implementing an ecosystem-based management approach has made stakeholder involvement vital and has highlighted the need for an effective participatory framework. In this study we used a participatory geographic information systems (PGIS) framework to collaboratively map the marine resources of the transboundary Grenadine Islands with a broad range of stakeholders from the two sovereign nations. We found the application of PGIS allowed the collective resolution of an appropriate mapping scale and a locally relevant habitat classification scheme that would not only serve the needs of resource managers, but could also be understood by resource users. Furthermore, multi-level stakeholder involvement in the mapping process captured resource use profiles and other fishing-related attributes, gave credibility to local knowledge and ownership of information, and was instrumental in building capacity to access and use the produced information. Lessons learned included the importance of investing considerable time early in the participatory process, which was later rewarded by stakeholder buy-in and led to financial and in-kind support. Furthermore, hosting the information in multiple formats on a project website has resulted in easy access and use by a wide range of stakeholders over a cross-country scale. We believe our experiences will be valuable to other practitioners considering using PGIS, particularly for those working in similar resource-limited, developing nation contexts.     

Stakeholder Collaboration and Organizational Innovation in the Planning of the Deschutes Estuary Feasibility Study

Coastal managers have sought to enhance the collaborative inputs of stakeholder groups into management activities. Nonetheless, established organizational approaches have led to primarily consultative forms of engagement and constrained citizen involvement in formative activities. In Olympia, Washington, managers overseeing the Deschutes Estuary Feasibility Study (DEFS) implemented an innovative cooperative research planning initiative that diverged from conventional consultative processes. Stakeholders, rather than government officials, identified the research priorities for the socioeconomic component of this restoration feasibility study. This design method altered the traditional roles and responsibilities of different organizational actors, and the involvement of citizen groups in these formative activities changed the relationship between governmental and nongovernmental actors. Using conceptual frameworks from organizational sociology, this study develops insights into the behavior of the organizations involved with the DEFS cooperative planning effort, demonstrating how engaging stakeholders in formative research planning activities may foster new types of collaboration among coastal management organizations.     

基于小波融合的车牌模糊图像复原算法

为了更有效的实现交通信息采集,提出了一种基于小波融合的车牌图像超分辨率方法.首先分析了低分辨率图像的降质原因,主要降质因素包括:图像的形变、模糊和欠采样,根据这些降质因素建立了降质模型,分析降质模型,得出本文方法的理论模型.然后针对交通图像的特点,对形变、模糊和欠采样3个问题进行探讨,得出主要参数的估计方法.并对小波融...     

山区河流泥石流灾害防治技术研究

为改善通航条件、提高航道等级,对山区河流泥石流灾害防治技术进行了研究.根据形成机理、运动规律、成灾机制、岸坡的地形地貌特点,把山区河流型泥石流分为坡面流和沟谷流;基于土质结构原理与岩土稳定理论,提出了修复植被、规范人类行为与截流排水、拦粗排细、转向导流等工程防治技术相结合的山区河流泥石流灾害的综合防治技术.结果表明,该...