工程机械液压软管设计安装中应注意的问题

针对液压软管的特性以及工程机械液压管路设计、安装中经常出现的问题，提出了在工程机械液压管路设计、安装中使用软管应注意的几个原则，分析了工程实例，介绍了液压管路的发展新动向。     

应用水平定向钻安装管道时回拖拉力的计算方法

研究了应用水平定向钻机安装地下管道回拖过程中的受力特征,分析了计算回拖拉力时参数的选择以及公式应用的特点,并将预测数据与实验数据作了对比分析,从而得出了回拖拉力与孔道直径成反比.     

帕萨特B5轿车电路-自动变速器控制系统(Ⅰ)

在帕萨特B5轿车布线图的基础上改画成该车电路原理图——自动变速器控制系统,并介绍该系统的主要功能,自动变速器故障码及其读取方法,自动变速器测量数据块及其读取方法。     

刚构桥0#块混凝土水化热温度场改值模拟分析

文章结合罗天乐连续刚构桥施工实例，运用有限元模型对该桥0#块混凝土浇筑施工过程中的温度场变化情况进行了数值模拟分析。结果表明，0#块混凝土内部最高温度及最大内外温差计算值与实测值吻合较好。     

舱口盖强度计算方法

在某集装箱舱口盖结构强度的有限元计算中，对舱口盖周围水平限位器和支撑块处的约束以及顶部压紧器处的关联程度进行了模拟，分别讨论了在垂向设计载荷的情况下，水平限位器、支撑块处的不同约束以及顶部压紧器的不同关联程度对舱口盖应力分布的影响，得出更符合实际情况的舱口盖结构强度计算方法。     

Driving cycle prediction model based on bus route features

Bus fuel economy is deeply influenced by the driving cycles, which vary for different route conditions. Buses optimized for a standard driving cycle are not necessarily suitable for actual driving conditions, and, therefore, it is critical to predict the driving cycles based on the route conditions. To conveniently predict representative driving cycles of special bus routes, this paper proposed a prediction model based on bus route features, which supports bus optimization. The relations between 27 inter-station characteristics and bus fuel economy were analyzed. According to the analysis, five inter-station route characteristics were abstracted to represent the bus route features, and four inter-station driving characteristics were abstracted to represent the driving cycle features between bus stations. Inter-station driving characteristic equations were established based on the multiple linear regression, reflecting the linear relationships between the five inter-station route characteristics and the four inter-station driving characteristics. Using kinematic segment classification, a basic driving cycle database was established, including 4704 different transmission matrices. Based on the inter-station driving characteristic equations and the basic driving cycle database, the driving cycle prediction model was developed, generating drive cycles by the iterative Markov chain for the assigned bus lines. The model was finally validated by more than 2 years of acquired data. The experimental results show that the predicted driving cycle is consistent with the historical average velocity profile, and the prediction similarity is 78.69%. The proposed model can be an effective way for the driving cycle prediction of bus routes.     

跃龙门隧道多功能钢拱架安装机快速施工配套技术

隧道施工机械化是我国隧道施工的发展方向。相较于开挖、衬砌机械化的快速发展,钢拱架安装机械化水平存在不足,长期以来较多采用人工作业,施工人员多、劳动强度大、施工效率及安装精度低,同时存在很大的安全隐患。本文通过跃龙门隧道机械化配置配套应用,分析了钢拱架安装机在机械化快速施工体系中的关键作用,并详细介绍了XZGMT411多功能钢拱架安装机相关参数、施工操作要点及注意事项。多功能钢拱架安装机的使用大幅提高了隧道施工效率及施工质量,缩短了施工工期。     

移动闭塞系统区间通过能力分析及参数计算

移动闭塞条件下“闭塞分区”呈现出“移动”和“长度变化”的特征,其区间通过能力的计算较固定闭塞系统更加复杂。本文建立了移动闭塞系统区间通过能力的数学模型,对区间通过能力与列车追踪运行速度、跟驰车距和列车性能等参数之间的相互关系进行了定性、定量分析,并就关鍵参数的计算方法进行了深入的讨论,对移动闭塞条件下的列车运行控制与行车组织有一定的参考价值。     

Evaluating sustainability of supply chains by two-stage range directional measure in the presence of negative data

Assessing sustainability of supply chains is a critical and increasingly complex problem. In recent years sustainability has received more attention in supply chain management (SCM) literature with triple bottom lines including social, environmental, and economic factors. Conventional data envelopment analysis (DEA) models consider decision making units (DMUs) as black boxes that consume a set of inputs to produce a set of outputs and do not take into consideration internal interactions of DMUs. Two-stage DEA models deal with such DMUs. However, existing two-stage DEA models are applicable only in technologies characterized by positive inputs/outputs. This paper aims to build and present a new two-stage DEA model considering negative input-intermediate-output data. Some numerical examples along with some theorems and properties are given to show capability of proposed method. The proposed ideas are used in a case study where 29 Iranian supply chains producing equipment of expendable medical devices are evaluated in terms of sustainability.     

A carbon footprint-based closed-loop supply chain model under uncertainty with risk analysis: A case study

The management of products’ end-of-life and the recovery of used products has gained significant importance in recent years. In this paper, we address the carbon footprint-based problem that arises in a closed-loop supply chain where returned products are collected from customers. These returned products can either be disposed of or be remanufactured to be resold as new ones. Given this environment, an optimization model for a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) in which carbon emission is expressed in terms of environmental constraints, i.e., carbon emission constraints, is developed. These constraints aim to limit the carbon emission per unit of product supplied with different transportation modes. Here, we design a closed-loop network where capacity limits, single-item management and uncertainty on product demands and returns are considered. First, fuzzy mathematical programming is introduced for uncertain modeling. Then, the statistical approach to the possibility to synthesize fuzzy information is utilized. Therefore, using a defined possibilistic mean and variance, we transform the proposed fuzzy mathematical model into a crisp form to facilitate efficient computation and analysis. Finally, the risk caused by violating the estimated resource constraints is analyzed so that decision makers (DMs) can trade off between the expected cost savings and the expected risk. We utilize data from a company located in Iran.