欧洲道路收费系统概述

随着公路网的迅猛发展,收费系统的改进成为一个亟待解决的问题。通过介绍欧洲各国的收费方法,以供有关部门参考和借鉴。     

沥青混合料离析防范措施探讨

离析是在沥青混凝土设计、生产与铺筑过程中出现的最严重的损坏混合料质量的问题。通过探讨减少或消除沥青混合料离析现象的措施,以供各公路建设管理部门与相关设备制造厂商参考和借鉴。     

跨多条铁路既有线挂篮悬臂施工安全防护装置的应用

长北立交桥工程跨多条电气化铁路,鉴于绝缘接触网高压电流以及保障铁路行车安全需要,箱梁挂篮悬臂施工必须采用可靠的防护措施。针对于此,挂篮系统采用了防电、防水、防坠落的“三防”装置,主要介绍了各防护装置的结构、功能及主要使用特点。实践证明,该装置不仅具有良好的防电、防火及现场使用性能,经济性能良好,而且杜绝了棚架防护施工中存在的诸多安全隐患与风险,加快施工进度。     

挂篮改制设计仿真分析与应用

以某高速公路连续刚构桥所用三角挂篮为例,建立有限元模型进行仿真分析,研究挂篮施工过程中变形机理,分析刚构桥三角挂篮受力及稳定情况,确定改制后挂篮的安全稳定性满足设计要求,为主梁的安全施工提供可靠的技术依据与参考。     

数据驱动的电动汽车充电站选址方法

电动汽车在缓解能源压力和环境污染中起着重要的作用,充电不方便成为制约电动汽车发展的一个重要原因.为了合理布局电动汽车充电站位置,本文提出一种数据驱动的电动汽车充电站选址方法.利用海量的移动位置数据提取潜在的交通需求位置,包括出发点和目的地;将地图划分为等间隔的网格,将潜在的交通需求位置与网格关联,统计每个网格内的交通需求量,需求量大的网格作为电动汽车充电站选址的候选位置.实证研究表明,该方法能够精准定位潜在用户需求量大的位置,为电动汽车充电站选址提供数据支持和决策依据.     

地表水文监测在岩溶隧道施工中的应用

为探讨岩溶隧道施工涌水对地表水文环境的影响程度及范围,以圆梁山深埋特长隧道工程施工为依托,对隧道地表水文进行监测和分析。主要研究内容及结论为： 1）介绍圆梁山隧道向斜段地表水文地质情况,说明进行悬挂泉流量及地表井泉水位监测可以评估隧道突涌水对地表环境的影响程度及范围; 2）进行地表大气降雨及隧道涌水量观测并对比,可以据此判定隧道与地表的水力连通性; 3）证明隧道施工会对隧道洞身上方泉眼产生影响,但对山顶植被影响较轻; 4）在岩溶隧道施工中进行地表水文监测是必要的,对施工具有指导作用。     

阀控密封式铅酸蓄电池应用分析

随着船舶及海洋工程安全性要求的提高,由蓄电池构成不间断电源的辅助电源使用非常普遍;设计科学合理的辅助电源系统显得很有必要。     

A proposal for cost-related and market-oriented train running charges

This paper examines some key aspects of a charging system for promoting railway transport, including charges reflecting a clear relationship with costs (transparency) and charges reflecting the quality of the infrastructure manager's service. Train running charges recover track-related costs and can help to develop a charging system that meets these requirements. To orient train running charges to the market, a method for processing track maintenance and renewal costs is proposed whereby the quality of the service provided by an infrastructure is measured according to its utility to the railway undertaking. To achieve transparency, a single indicator is used for cost planning and the subsequent levying of costs on railway undertakings. The paper includes an example of how proposed train running charges would be calculated according to data from 14 European countries. The example shows that short-distance trains generate the lowest maintenance and renewal costs, followed by long-distance trains and freight trains.     

A railway capacity determination model and rail access charging methodologies

This article discusses approaches to the determination of railway capacity and the significance of the following factors on capacity: mix of trains, length and weight of trains, direction of train travel, acceleration and deceleration, stopping protocols of trains, location and length of crossing loops, location of signals, length of sections, dwell times and sectional running times. A more accurate method to calculate railway capacity is developed using previously unaddressed aspects for capacity determination. Capacity and pricing are two key issues for organizations involved with open track access regimes. A train access charging methodology is therefore developed and incorporated into a railway capacity determination model.     

Edinburgh's Congestion Charging Plans: An Analysis of Reasons for Non-Implementation

Abstract

The City of Edinburgh in Scotland in the UK had advanced plans for a congestion charging scheme until 25 February 2005. However, these plans were abandoned at that time after a referendum that resulted in a ‘no vote’. This paper explains the origins of the scheme, outlines its nature, extent, charging technology and predicted effect; it also analyses the difficulties that exist when attempting to plan and implement such a scheme in a particular governance context, and when there is little unanimity of public opinion about the need for a scheme.

As well as the primary documentation from the proposals (e.g. public inquiry submissions, papers to government), the paper also draws upon a series of face-to-face interviews that were undertaken with key stakeholders. It also provides an analysis of press coverage in the local (Edinburgh) and national (Scottish) newspapers in the run-up to the referendum. These sources explain both the systemic and more local barriers to the scheme's implementation.

The paper draws key lessons which are important for authorities considering the implementation of a road user charging scheme, by suggesting how legislative and governance barriers to implementation can be reduced. The lessons are of relevance world wide.