浅层地下水开采对高速铁路工程的影响及对策

研究目的：研究掌握浅层地下水开采引起的地面沉降特征及其对高速铁路工程的影响,提出针对性的防治对策与工程措施,供高速铁路勘测、设计及施工参考。研究方法：结合华北平原地面沉降情况,建立浅层地下水开采引起地面沉降的固结沉降模型。研制离心场中地基抽水的模拟和测量系统,进行了离心模型试验,测量抽水过程中粉土地基孔隙水压力和沉降的变化及分布规律,并对比分析了对不同型式桥梁的影响。研究结果：对浅层地下水开采引起的地面沉降机理进行初步分析,基于离心模型试验结果探讨了浅层抽水引起地基沉降的过程和特征,评价了地基不均匀沉降对特殊桥梁形式的影响,并提出了针对性的防治措施和对策。研究结论：浅层地下水开采造成的不均匀沉降对高速铁路工程的影响较大,需通过控制线路附近地下水开采、采取适宜的工程结构措施加以防治。     

高强钢筋混凝土非线性力学模型研究

针对高强钢筋混凝土非线性分析，对非线性分析中裂缝的模拟、钢筋混凝土材料本构关系及其非线性问题求解方法的改进进行研究，提出了适用于高强混凝土的本构曲线，并将混合法用于非线性问题，为高强钢筋混凝土梁非线性分析提供了理论基础。     

杭州湾跨海大桥70 m预应力混凝土箱梁用海工耐久混凝土的试验研究

通过平板抗裂试验,研究了海工耐久混凝土的早期抗裂性,采用RCM法研究了海工耐久混凝土抗氯离子渗透的能力。结果表明,使用P.Ⅱ42.5(R)硅酸盐水泥、Ⅱ区中砂、5~25 mm碎石、Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级低钙粉煤灰、粒化高炉矿渣粉及新一代高性能高效减水剂,可以配制出C 50~C 60海工耐久混凝土。     

用高温超导线圈和常导线圈构成的混合式电磁悬浮系统

常导电磁吸力悬浮系统悬浮气隙小、悬浮功率大,电动斥力悬浮系统不能实现静止悬浮、磁场污染大。由于受电流变化率限制,单独采用高温超导线圈构成的电磁吸力悬浮系统不能实现稳定悬浮。经分析比较,提出了一种用高温超导线圈和常导线圈构成的混合式电磁吸力型悬浮系统方案。采用这种混合式悬浮方案可增大悬浮气隙、实现稳态"零"功率悬浮、减轻车体重量、降低制冷费用、且无磁场污染。     

Mixed analysis of shell and solid elements using the overlaying mesh method

 This article presents a mixed method of analyzing shell elements and solid elements using the overlaying mesh method. In the structural design of a ship's hull, the shell elements are used for the global model. However, the solid elements are necessary to analyze the stress concentration zones or the vicinity of a crack. In such cases, the models are analyzed using zooming analysis, in which the results of a global model analysis are transferred to a local model analysis by imposing boundary conditions. This method is more advantageous than zooming analysis in terms of the accuracy of the solution and the modeling flexibility. Some examples of a plate model with a cracked surface or with a projection are shown in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. Received: August 6, 2002 / Accepted: November 25, 2002 Address correspondence to: S. Nakasumi (sumi@nasl.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp) Updated from the Japanese original, which won the 2002 SNAJ prize (J Soc Nav Archit Jpn 2001;189:219–224; and 190:655–662)     

Numerical simulation of the flow about self-propelling tanker models

A time-marching CFD simulation is performed for self-propelling ships. The flow about the hull is simulated by the finite-volume method, and the propeller action is approximated as a propeller disk for which the solution is given by a simplified propeller model. The interaction of two flow models is treated in a time-marching procedure converging towards the steady self-propelling condition. This method is applied to five tanker models, and detailed comparisons are made between the simulated results and corresponding experimental results. It is shown that the flow field in the self-propelling condition is qualitatively well reproduced in the simulation, and the estimated thrust deduction factors for the five hull forms agree well with measured ones. However, the effective wake factors are underestimated, since the Reynolds number in the simulations differs from that in the experiment.     

装配式公路钢桥承载力的有限元分析

指出装配式公路钢桥设计中所采用的简化计算方法的不足,使用大型有限元软件ANSYS对其受力情况和承载力进行了分析,并与简化计算方法作了对比,得出了一些规律性的结论,对实际应用具有指导意义。     

相控有源逆变电路的原理及应用

有源逆变器可以将直流电能转变为交流电能反馈给电网,从而实现电能的回收再利用。在提倡创造节约型社会的今天,有源逆变器正得到越来越多的应用。本文介绍了有源逆变电路的工作原理,并给出了一些具体应用的例子。     

同步发电机参数辨识的相关方法探讨

随着电网安全及稳定运行问题的重要性日益突出,基于获得准确的系统模型和参数辨识方法,优化同步发电机相关参数将是十分有意义的。本文针对当今几种比较典型的参数辨识方法做了系统的介绍,通过比较得出何种方法对于同步电机的参数辨识是最适合的。     

新材料技术研发对潜艇及其装备的影响

叙述了国外新材料对保证和提高潜艇性能，减轻重量，降低建造和维修成本等产生的有利影响。