基于多目标遗传算法的机车二系支承载荷调整优化方法

为提高电力机车二系支承栽荷调整优化算法的实用性,解决单一目标遗传算法调整计算产生二系支承点加垫数和加垫总量过多的问题,提出了一种基于多目标遗传算法的寻优方法.针对机车二系调箦问题的偏好结构特点,建立了多目标优化模型,并设计了基于多目标遗传算法的调簧目标函数,进一步引入了适应性权重方法来确定目标函数值,并确立了相应的适应...     

关联时滞大系统的保性能控制

针对关联项具有N×N个任意未知常时滞的线性连续大系统,采用线性矩阵不等式(LM Is)方法,提出了一种分散的无记忆状态反馈二次保性能控制器的存在条件和设计方法.最后用一个示例说明分散无记忆状态反馈二次保性能控制器的设计方法.     

高职院校如何培养学生的自主学习能力

为了培养学生自主学习的能力,高职院校的教师应当在教学方式、教学方法等方面加以改进,努力做到师生互动、教学相长,营造民主、和谐的课堂氛围,采用科学的教学方法和手段,充分利用现代多媒体教学手段改善教学效果。     

基于构件面向体系结构的C4ISR系统设计方法

介绍了C4ISR体系结构描述和设计方法("3A"视图),描述了在其指导下使用结构分析法和面向对象分析法开发体系结构产品的过程,并比较了这两种方法的优缺点.在此基础上,提出基于构件面向体系结构的设计方法来解决系统的互操作和复用问题,给出了支持该方法的迭代开发过程,阐述了该方法与C4ISR体系结构设计方法的对应关系, 为开发可复用、易于互操作的C4ISR系统提供了一种可行的技术途径.     

基于台背加固后的桥头搭板长度数值计算与分析

设置桥头搭板和加铺土工格栅是处理桥头跳车的两种主要措施.当桥台台背填土的回弹模量提高后,所需桥头搭板长度可以减小甚至搭板完全取消,本文利用重庆梁(平)长(寿)高速公路土工格栅处治桥头跳车得到的有关地基模量提高的数据资料,借助有限元计算手段,计算地基模量、桥台高度与搭板长度之间关系,为桥头搭板的正确设计和施工提供依据.     

引道高填方桥梁病害原因分析及加固要点

基于对某引道高填方桥梁病害的调查,深入分析其病害特征和发生原因,指明该桥未来的管养重心和注意点,并在此基础上提出加固维修方案,可为类似桥梁病害分析和防治提供参考依据。     

Bottleneck model revisited: An activity-based perspective

The timing of commuting trips made during morning and evening peaks has typically been investigated using Vickrey’s bottleneck model. However, in the conventional trip-based approach, the decisions that commuters make during the day about their activity schedules and time use are not explicitly considered. This study extends the bottleneck model to address the scheduling problem of commuters’ morning home-to-work and evening work-to-home journeys by using an activity-based approach. A day-long activity-travel scheduling model is proposed for the simultaneous determination of departure times for morning and evening commutes, together with allocations of time during the day among travel and activities undertaken at home or at the workplace. The proposed model maximizes the total net utility of the home-based tour, which is the difference between the benefits derived from participating in activities and the disutility incurred by travel between activity locations. The properties of the model solution are analytically explored and compared with the conventional bottleneck model for a special case with constant marginal-activity utility. For the case with linear marginal-activity utility, we develop a heuristic procedure to seek the equilibrium scheduling solution. We also explore the effects of marginal-work utility (or the employees’ average wage level) and of flexible work-hour schemes on the scheduling problem in relation to the morning and evening commuting tours.     

An integrated analysis of workers’ physically active activity and active travel choice behavior

Using Texas add-on sample data from the 2009 National Household Travel Survey, this study examines adult workers’ daily active choice decisions in the context of physical activity and attendant health benefits. The study looked at workers’ two choice behaviors: active activity and active travel. The first choice behavior, active activity, is developed as an ordered-response model based on the number of physically active recreational activities pursued during the workday. The second choice behavior, active travel, is developed as a binary-response model that examines workers’ active travel choices—whether or not the worker used any active mode of travel during the same workday. The study improves the understanding and knowledge of observed factors influencing workers’ physically active activity-travel behavior. The study also provides several observations regarding the role (and constraints) of employment in individuals’ active choices. Using a flexible copula modeling methodology, we explore the true correlation (or dependence) between the two behavior choices that could occur due to the presence of unobserved factors, suggesting a simultaneously low or simultaneously high propensity for being physically active across workers. The study findings suggest that transportation and public health policy makers can mutually benefit from encouraging workers to be physically active (from an activity and/or travel perspective). Overall, the study draws attention to the integrated nature of the public health and transportation fields, thereby providing a distinct view of active/inactive choice behavior. To our knowledge, this is the first study exploring a rich variety of components for workers’ active activity-travel behavior through a robust copula approach.     

软土路基段高速公路已建桥梁桥头跳车维修方法

针对软土路基高速公路已建桥梁桥头跳车问题,介绍目前桥头跳车常用的几种维修方法.通过对比分析可知:相比其他传统维修技术,聚氨酯注浆技术经济性明显,可以有效处理软土地区高速公路已建桥梁桥头跳车问题.     

Design of robust-stable and quadratic finite-horizon optimal controllers with low trajectory sensitivity for uncertain active suspension systems

This paper presents a design method for designing the robust-stable and quadratic-finite-horizon-optimal controllers of uncertain active suspension systems. The method integrates a robust stabilisability condition, the orthogonal functions approach (OFA) and the hybrid Taguchi-genetic algorithm (HTGA). Using the integrative computational method, a robust-stable and quadratic-finite-horizon-optimal controller with low-trajectory sensitivity can be obtained such that (i) the active suspension system with elemental parametric uncertainties is stabilised and (ii) a quadratic-finite-horizon-integral performance index including a quadratic trajectory sensitivity term for the nominal active suspension system is minimised. The robust stabilisability condition is proposed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Based on the OFA, an algebraic algorithm only involving the algebraic computation is derived for solving the nominal active suspension feedback dynamic equations. By using the OFA and the LMI-based robust stabilisability condition, the dynamic optimisation problem for the robust-stable and quadratic-finite-horizon-optimal controller design of the linear uncertain active suspension system is transformed into a static-constrained-optimisation problem represented by the algebraic equations with constraint of LMI-based robust stabilisability condition; thus greatly simplifies the design problem. Then, for the static-constrained-optimisation problem, the HTGA is employed to find the robust-stable and quadratic-finite-horizon-optimal controllers of the linear uncertain active suspension systems. A design example is given to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed integrative computational approach.