Towards the Incorporation of Environmental Impacts into Pavement Management Systems

Environmental nuisances (such as greenhouse gases and noise) may be generated during the use phase of the pavement life cycle, with these known to significantly affect the environment. However, no attempt has yet been made to gather information concerning the processes involved in the generation of environmental impacts, and to evaluate them. To address this issue, this paper reviews the knowledge base and relevant methods relating to environmental impact assessment and pavement management. It then presents a conceptual model, integrating impact pathway approach and life cycle cost analysis principles and providing a comprehensive framework for quantification and incorporation of environmental impacts into pavement management. This study shows that pavement management influences environmental impacts occurring during the use phase of the pavement life cycle. It establishes causal links between pavement management and nuisance generation, between nuisances and their impact on receptors, and finally between these impacts and their costs. This study also suggests that incorporating environmental impacts into pavement management systems is feasible and describes how existing and future methodologies and tools may be integrated to support this incorporation. Finally, this study underlines that the inaccuracy of current knowledge and data limits the scope of this conceptual model to network-level decisions.     

沥青混合料破坏阶段的黏弹性行为

采用基于连续破坏力学和功势原理的模型对沥青混合料破坏阶段的黏弹性行为进行研究.该模型中利用虚应变来描述沥青混合料的时间依赖性,利用破坏参数和虚劲度模量的关系描述沥青混合料的破坏特性.通过不同条件下的复数模量试验确定了沥青混合料的线黏弹性力学参数,进行了不同条件下的恒应变率压缩试验来确定沥青混合料的破坏特性.确定了破坏参数、应力的勒贝格范数和虚劲度模量之间的关系,进而用线性分段法计算了沥青混合料的黏弹性应变.利用该模型对不同条件下的恒应变率压缩试验结果进行了分析.结果表明:预测值和实测值吻合良好.     

Development of evolutionary cone type LSD for SUV/RV utilizing the axiomatic approach and the ultrasonic nano crystal surface modification technology

Surface topology, cone angle and the forces acting on the cone of the clutch type limited slip differential (LSD) are major design parameters for the bias ratio and the noise condition. Therefore much research has been dedicated to these developments but the results have been used to submit patents. A new cone type limited slip differential for sport utility vehicles and recreational vehicles, which has a very simple structure and easy compliance with the vehicle performance, has been developed by the axiomatic approach and the ultrasonic nano crystal surface modification (UNSM) technology. The design criteria and optimal value of the design parameters are determined by the axiomatic approach utilizing CAE tools. Test methodologies in a test rig and in a vehicle were also developed. Test results showed good performance of bias ratio and noise level but durability is still under testing. This study is an extension of F2006P266, FISITA 2006.     

坚持以人为本是做好新时期思想政治工作的关键

以人为本不仅是社会主义和谐社会基本特征的集中体现,也是加强和改进思想政治工作的重要突破口,新时期思想政治工作必须坚持以人为本的原则,注重人性化的工作方法,充分尊重人的个性化,关注解决人的实际生活问题,切实保障思想政治工作的实效性。     

正交异性钢桥面板纵肋与横隔板交叉构造细节疲劳开裂快速加固方法

为研究钢桥面板疲劳开裂局部区域引入钢或高性能材料加固构件的装配式加固方法,以钢桥面板纵肋与横隔板交叉构造细节为研究对象,采用足尺模型试验对钢桥面板纵肋与横隔板交叉构造细节疲劳性能劣化及其疲劳开裂的栓接角钢装配式快速加固相关关键问题进行了试验和理论研究;基于断裂力学探究了纵肋与横隔板交叉构造细节三维疲劳裂纹的扩展特性、疲劳寿命预测及装配式快速加固方法的加固效果。研究结果表明：纵肋与横隔板交叉构造细节的疲劳裂纹萌生于焊趾并沿纵肋腹板进行扩展,其对结构力学特性的影响范围和程度随着裂纹的扩展而逐步加剧;加固后相应开裂部位关键测点和裂尖各测点的应力应变降幅分别达57%和80%,装配式加固构件与既有结构协同受力性能良好,能够有效抑制局部疲劳裂纹扩展;数值断裂力学分析表明,加固后裂尖应力强度因子降幅达90%,可有效抑制疲劳裂纹的进一步扩展。     

贵州清水江城景水电站通航水流条件优化试验研究

城景水电站是利用三板溪水库回水的长期消落水头而兴建的水电站,可有效地改善上游河道的航运水流条件。设计船闸布置于泄洪闸中间,枢纽泄洪方式对上下游引航道及口门区水流条件影响大;下游引航道口门区位于弯道凸岸,通航水流条件复杂难以满足通航安全要求。针对以上问题,通过1:80比尺的整体枢纽模型,研究下游不利通航水流条件的成因。通过降低通航标准、设置导流墩、疏浚凸岸岸线、优化枢纽调度,使引航道及口门区通航水流条件满足通航规范要求,为枢纽通航设计提供了可靠依据。     

基于多学科设计优化的深海空间站总体设计方法研究

系统地回顾了兴起于航空航天领域的多学科设计优化方法,重点介绍了分布式多学科设计方法的求解思路、算法特点及最新研究动态;结合深海空间站总体设计的特点,讨论了多学科设计方法在深海空间站设计中的应用前景.     

基于波传播方法的水下阻尼复合圆柱壳声辐射分析

采用波传播分析方法,以复模量形式计及粘弹性阻尼的损耗因子,讨论了外部敷设粘弹性自由阻尼材料的无限长圆柱壳在流场中的辐射声功率.结果表明,粘弹性阻尼层可以有效降低结构的辐射声功率,具有较好的隔振效果,可为潜艇结构和水下各种管道的减振降噪设计提供理论参考.     

有关汽车合乘问题的研究

城市道路上汽车低使用率问题和大城市汽车合乘现象的出现反映了汽车合乘存在和发展的必然性。从国内外合乘现状出发,在论述合乘含义的基础上,对合乘的类型划分、合乘途径、合乘实施的利弊以及合乘的实施保障等问题进行相关探讨,对于汽车合乘的后续研究有着重要意义。     

交际法教学在海事英语中的应用

交际法是英语教学中采用的主要教学方法之一,但在海事英语教育实施中还面临很多问题。本文从几个方面对交际法在海事英语教学中的局限性作了分析,并提出了解决问题的策略。