舰船通信集成交互调影响评估方法

  目的  针对多艘船舶在间歇通信环境下的编队控制问题,提出了基于反步法的协调编队控制律,并给出编队形成的充分条件以满足编队的鲁棒性。  方法  首先,利用反步法设计正常通信时段的船舶编队控制律,加入误差观测器消除外部环境带来的误差,保证船舶在正常通信时段形成理想编队。然后,对于在间歇通信中通信缺失的时段,设计控制律。此外,在船舶编队的形成以及队形保持的过程中,通信时长必须满足一定的要求,并给出在间歇通信环境下实现编队的充分条件。最后,利用李雅普诺夫理论对船舶编队控制律的稳定性进行验证,并证明该充分条件的可靠性。  结果  仿真结果表明,采用该控制律且满足给出的充分条件,船舶能够在间歇通信环境下实现编队航行。  结论  在间歇通信或类似的周期性通信缺失情况下,对船舶编队控制的设计与研究有一定的参考价值。     

欠驱动不对称水面船舶输出反馈镇定控制

研究了一类欠驱动不对称船舶的全局一致渐近输出反馈镇定控制问题。该船舶横向上未装备驱动装置,加速度带有不可积的非完整约束条件,并且惯性参数矩阵和阻尼参数矩阵中的非对角线元素允许存在非零项。由于欠驱动船舶的速度和角速度不易测量,设计了高增益观测器估计速度状态变量。通过对系统进行坐标变换,并结合高增益观测器,根据分离原则设计了欠驱动不对称船舶的全局时变光滑输出反馈镇定律,仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于EKF对称六相PMSM两电机串联系统研究

在同一逆变器供电下的两台永磁同步电机（PMSM）串联系统,可运用矢量控制技术实现独立解耦控制。本文提出了一种用于一台对称六相PMSM与一台三相PMSM串联系统的扩展Kakman滤波器（EKF）转速估计方法,观测器状态方程采用转子磁链定向的同步旋转坐标系下的电压方程。在线实时估计转子的位置和转速,使得电机能够在无需知道转子初始位置的情况下启动和运行。通过Matlab／Simulink进行了变速仿真分析,仿真结果验证了该算法的可行性。     

一种基于位置观测器的电机PID控制策略

提出一种带位置观测器的电机控制策略,该方法可以避免信号突变时对系统动态品质的不良影响,从而提高了伺服电机的控制品质与鲁棒性。电机的伺服控制系统是一个闭环系统,比较常用的一种控制方法是基于PID算法的位置控制,由给定的目标位置或速度来控制电机,将检测到的位置与预定的位置进行比较,将偏差的比例、微分和积分线性组合,即可得到控制量。相比之下,采用带位置观测器的控制方法,能够有效避免微分环节可能带来的瞬时冲击。     

Vehicle dynamics and road curvature estimation for lane departure warning system using robust fuzzy observers: experimental validation

This paper describes a new approach to estimate vehicle dynamics and the road curvature in order to detect vehicle lane departures. This method has been evaluated through an experimental set-up using a real test vehicle equipped with the RT2500 inertial measurement unit. Based on a robust unknown input fuzzy observer, the road curvature is estimated and compared to the vehicle trajectory curvature. The difference between the two curvatures is used by the proposed lane departure detection algorithm as the first driving risk indicator. To reduce false alarms and take into account driver corrections, a second driving risk indicator based on the steering dynamics is considered. The vehicle nonlinear model is deduced from the vehicle lateral dynamics and road geometry and then represented by an uncertain Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model. Taking into account the unmeasured variables, an unknown input fuzzy observer is proposed. Synthesis conditions of the proposed fuzzy observer are formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities using the Lyapunov method.     

基于设计模式的内容管理系统"多站点发布"设计

设计模式对当代的面向对象程序设计技术做出了巨大的贡献，为开发人员带来了福音。通过设计模式，程序的结构比以往更为有效。在内容管理系统“多站点发布”的设计中通过引入设计模式并对模式进行组合和简单实现不仅提高了系统设计的可重用性也避免了过分的设计，最终达到了设计与解决问题之间的最佳平衡。     

Literature review and fundamental approaches for vehicle and tire state estimation*

ABSTRACT

Most modern day automotive chassis control systems employ a feedback control structure. Therefore, real-time estimates of the vehicle dynamic states and tire-road contact parameters are invaluable for enhancing the performance of vehicle control systems, such as anti-lock brake system (ABS) and electronic stability program (ESP). Today's production vehicles are equipped with onboard sensors (e.g. a 3-axis accelerometer, 3-axis gyroscope, steering wheel angle sensor, and wheel speed sensors), which when used in conjunction with certain model-based or kinematics-based observers can be used to identify relevant tire and vehicle states for optimal control of comfort, stability and handling. Vehicle state estimation is becoming ever more relevant with the increased sophistication of chassis control systems. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in the field of vehicle and tire state estimation. It is expected to serve as a resource for researchers interested in developing vehicle state estimation algorithms for usage in advanced vehicle control and safety systems.     

Sensitivity analysis of side-slip angle observer based on a tire model

We investigated the sensitivity of an observer based on a tire model using simulation in linear and nonlinear regions. In the linear region, we investigated the influence of vehicle speed by doing the same simulation at three speed levels. In the nonlinear region, the simulation condition was set such that the vehicle became unstable. In the linear region, steering input and cornering stiffness have a relatively large effect on the estimation error because these quantities determine tire side force. In the nonlinear region, the road surface’s friction coefficient becomes a crucial factor. In both the regions, the observer is sensitive to yaw rate and longitudinal speed.     

Vehicle dynamic estimation with road bank angle consideration for rollover detection: theoretical and experimental studies

This article describes a method of vehicle dynamics estimation for impending rollover detection. This method is evaluated via a professional vehicle dynamics software and then through experimental results using a real test vehicle equipped with an inertial measurement unit. The vehicle dynamic states are estimated in the presence of the road bank angle (as a disturbance in the vehicle model) using a robust observer. The estimated roll angle and roll rate are used to compute the rollover index which is based on the prediction of the lateral load transfer. In order to anticipate the rollover detection, a new method is proposed in order to compute the time-to-rollover using the load transfer ratio. The used nonlinear model is deduced from the vehicle lateral dynamics and is represented by a Takagi–Sugeno (TS) fuzzy model. This representation is used in order to take into account the nonlinearities of lateral cornering forces. The proposed TS observer is designed with unmeasurable premise variables in order to consider the non-availability of the slip angles measurement. Simulation results show that the proposed observer and rollover detection method exhibit good efficiency.     

船舶动力定位系统的一增广非线性观测器设计

滤波和状态估计在动力定位系统中起着非常重要的作用。本文在文献[1]的基础上，为船舶动力定位系统设计了一增广非线性状态观测器，其稳定性通过李亚普诺夫方法得到了证明。该非线性观测器的性能通过对一动力定位船舶模型的仿真得到了验证。