城市轨道交通旅客满意度分析与评价

以城市轨道交通发展现状为基础,分析乘客满意度影响因素,确定城市轨道交通旅客满意度评价指标体系的建市原则。运用结构化层次设定指标,建立城市轨道交通旅客满意度评价指标体系。并将评价指标量化,分层确定评价指标权重,最后进行一致性检验,验证评价体系的可行性。     

High-speed rail's potential for the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from short haul aviation: a longitudinal study of modal substitution from an energy generation and renewable energy perspective

Abstract

This paper quantifies and evaluates, utilising a ‘bottom-up’ approach, the effect on CO₂ emissions of a modal shift from short-haul air travel to high-speed rail (HSR), based on projected passenger movements, between Sydney and Melbourne, Australia during the period 2010–2030. To date, peer-reviewed studies assessing the CO₂ emissions from these competing modes of high-speed transportation have been restricted principally to a cross-sectional assessment, with a Eurocentric bias. This present comparative study seeks to address a gap in the literature by assessing, longitudinally, the CO₂ emissions associated with the proposed operation of HSR against the ‘business-as-usual’ air scenario between Sydney and Melbourne. Under the assumed 50/50 modal shift, and the Australian government's current renewable electricity target, an annual reduction in CO₂ emissions of approximately 14% could be achieved when compared with a ‘business-as-usual’ air scenario. This percentage reduction represents a 62 kt reduction in base year, 2010, and a 114 kt reduction in the final year, 2030. In total, the overall reduction achieved by such a modal shift, under the assumed conditions, during the period 2010–2030, equates to approximately 1.87 Mt of CO₂. Importantly, if the electrical energy supply for HSR operations was further ‘decarbonised’, then it follows that a greater emission reduction would be achieved.     

Using AHP to measure the perception gap between current and potential users of bus services

Abstract

This study develops a multicriteria evaluation of user perception towards bus transit services and measures the gap in the perceptions held by current and potential users. A review of the transport quality literature indicates that both preference and satisfaction measures have been implemented to provide a comprehensive perception-based evaluation of bus quality. Although attempts have been made to evaluate user perception through a separate analysis of each (preference and/or satisfaction), the application of multicriteria quality measures are limited. A multicriteria quality measure not only offers more than just information on the daily experience of users but also knowledge of the internal process of quality evaluation (drivers/barriers). The multicriteria measure utilises the data of 512 questionnaires, whereby user perceptions were expressed through judgments of importance and satisfaction based on a set of 29 quality indicators classified into six attributes. Firstly, the study develops analytical hierarchy process (AHP) models to measure user preference. Secondly, a weighted perception index (WPI) of both preference and satisfaction is developed through a multicriteria model. Finally, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is conducted to identify the level of variation in the perception of both current and potential users towards bus service quality. The results show that although both current and potential users place a higher importance towards the same indicators, they do not share the same pattern of preferences (values and/or order). In addition, the study found that the interaction between preferences and satisfaction generated new patterns of subjective evaluation, and that these patterns vary significantly by user category.     

What determines commute time choices? A structural equation modelling approach

Abstract

Many researchers have been attracted by the phenomenon of constant travel time, and the time spent on travel has been an important indicator of understanding travellers’ behaviours. This paper is based on a survey conducted in a university in London which includes both objective and subjective variables in relation to commute time and some demographic characteristics. Two conceptual structural models are examined in order to explore the factors determining travellers’ choices. Results of the analysis reveal some interesting relationships: (1) a positive relationship between age and commute time; (2) females are more likely to read or listen to music during their journeys, and their ideal commute time (ICT) and current commute time (CCT) generally tend to be longer; (3) academic staff tend to have the habit of working during their commute, administrative staff tend to commute longer while students tend to spend a shorter time commuting; (4) normally, a habit while travelling is significantly associated with CCT; those with a habit of reading or working during their commute journey tend to have longer commute times and (5) the relationship between CCT and commuters’ ICT and tolerable commute time is positive; both hypothesised causal relationships are significant so that a loop is formed between subjective and objective variables, and thus a dynamic modelling process could be envisaged as temporal sequences of those variables.     

红层软岩填方路基压实方法的试验与分析

红层软岩在我国分布广泛。在红层软岩地区的公路建设中,填方路基病害问题一直非常普遍和突出。依托贵州仁赤高速公路,对目前常用的填方压实措施进行现场试验和分析,并提出合适的红层软岩填方压实措施。     

模糊数学在边坡支挡方案优选中的应用

针对边坡支挡设计前期信息量少且设计方案影响因素多等问题,综合考虑边坡地质条件及支挡加固技术以及经济情况,将边坡支挡方案选择中的各种模糊因素转换为数学形式,运用模糊数学的基本原理,对所提出的方案进行量化分析,并建立模糊综合评判模型.通过计算,得到各方案的可选度,根据隶属度最大原则确定方案的优先次序,从而得到最优边坡支挡方案.     

后插筋CFG桩在合福高速铁路路基中的应用

CFG桩已被广泛应用于铁路工程建设中,但其水平抗剪强度弱,工程实践表明普通CFG桩桩体在上部浅层位置易发生桩顶开裂、断桩等缺陷,在一定程度上制约了该技术在斜坡地段或可压缩层较厚的半填半挖路基中的应用.结合合福高速铁路工程建设,提出了后插钢筋笼CFG桩的设计及施工方法.现场实践表明,后插钢筋笼CFG桩可弥补因较大水平推力导致桩体上部受剪或受弯破坏的缺陷,使复合地基整体加固效果大为改善.     

高速铁路路基变形数据处理系统研究与应用

针对我国无砟轨道路基沉降观测数据管理及分析中存在的问题,通过文件DNA识别技术、平差模型建立、稳定性分析等关键技术的研究,自主开发了一套规范化和系统化的高速铁路路基沉降观测数据处理软件,集成了分析解决问题的方法,实现了沉降观测与评估的一体化,使沉降数据分析更科学、更严谨,提高了工作效率。该软件经测试,各项功能和性能满足要求,已成功应用于京沪、京石、石武和合福等高速客运专线铁路;也可用于其它建筑的沉降数据处理。     

路基路面压实度SDG检测方法研究

SDG土壤密度检测仪是一种无损快速填土压实度检测装置,可用于压实填土密实度的快速无损检测。在说明SDG土壤密度仪的工作原理和确定试验流程和参数设定的基础上,通过施工案例进行传统灌砂法和SDG测试法的对比试验,对SDG密度仪在压实填土密实度快速检测的适用性和可靠性进行了研究,为SDG密度仪在工程上的应用作出了有益探讨。     

液压混合动力汽车在典型城市工况下的性能分析

本文中提出了一种液压混合动力无级变速器,它将发动机的输出功率分流为液压功率和机械功率两部分,通过调整两部分功率的比值,能实现无级变速,还能有效回收车辆的制动能量。通过建立数学模型和仿真,分析了装用该变速器的液压混合动力汽车在典型城市工况下的性能,结果表明,与原汽油车相比,该混合动力汽车在两种不同运行情形下分别节能10.4%和16.4%。