深海石油平台锚桩承载力的研究

目前深海石油平台广泛采用桩基锚固形式,深海锚桩与浅海桩基的受力形式存在较大差异。采用三维有限元软件模拟深海锚桩的受力情况,重点分析深海锚桩在受缆索斜向拉力作用时,不同加载角度和系泊点位对桩基水平承载力和竖向抗拔承载力的影响,可供深海石油平台设计研发参考。     

基于ESS法的重载货车焊缝疲劳仿真

为验证ESS方法的有效性,以装甲钢T型焊接接头为对象,进行了仿真计算与疲劳试验,结果表明,ESS方法计算精度较高,试验与计算误差为18.8%.基于ESS法及静态应力恢复原理,对重载浴盆货车车体关键焊缝进行了疲劳仿真分析,获得了ESS分布规律及仿真结果,其中枕梁上盖板与中梁焊缝计算里程约为2 886万公里,有较高的安全裕度.     

弹性车轮压装过程仿真计算

建立包含橡胶件的弹性车轮有限元模型,基于Abaqus软件仿真模拟弹性车轮组装过程.分析橡胶材料的力学特性,采用Mooney-Rivlin本构模型模拟其超弹性特性,考虑橡胶件大变形且不可压缩特性,建立多个接触关系和变步长反复迭代方法以保证计算收敛和缩减计算规模,研究压装过程各部件应力变化情况.仿真结果显示:压装完成后弹性车轮整体最大von-Mises应力为129.1 MPa,出现在压环与轮心过盈配合面处;最大径向应力为143.3 MPa,出现在轮心辐板圆弧过渡处.压装完成后弹性橡胶件最大von-Mises应力为8.1 MPa,径向应力均处于压缩状态.压装完成后轮毂与橡胶接触面应力在边缘位置处较大,轮缘侧应力略大于另一侧,且边缘位置应力大于中心位置处应力3倍.压装过程中轮心辐板位置最大应力随压装进行逐渐变小,最大应力位置逐渐靠近辐板厚度较薄的圆弧过渡处.压装应力作为车轮运营过程中的预应力.     

一种动车组司机座椅的人机工程评估

采用问卷调查的方式对同一款司机座椅在不同线路上进行调研,获得列车司机对司机座椅的问题反馈,对比分析UIC651:2002和TB/T 3264:2011设计标准,对司机座椅进行了几何适配性分析.在此基础上,针对中国人体尺寸特征,进行了静应力分析和主观性评价.获得了此种司机座椅的适合中国成年男子人体尺寸特征的整改意见.     

拉拔荷载下黄土隧道系统锚杆力学特性分析

基于Mindlin问题的位移解导出了拉拔荷载作用下砂浆锚杆的剪应力分布和轴力分布的弹性解.依托岢临高速公路某黄土隧道,通过现场试验得出边墙系统锚杆的极限拉拔力,分析了拉拔荷载作用下边墙系统锚杆的受力特性;探讨了不同土体性质下砂浆锚杆剪应力及轴力的分布形式.研究成果为黄土隧道系统锚杆的设计和优化提供了理论依据,对设计和施工具有指导意义.     

Dynamic hardening behaviors of various marine structural steels considering dependencies on strain rate and temperature

This paper presents a new formula for prediction of the dynamic hardening effect for various marine structural steels, considering dependencies on the strain rates and temperatures. Dynamic tensile tests are carried out for three kinds of marine steels, 2W50, EH36, and DH36, changing the steel layer in the thickness direction, the strain rates, and temperatures. Considering two thickness layers at the middle and surface, five strain rate levels of 0.001/s, 1/s, 10/s, 100/s, and 200/s, three temperature levels of LT (−40 °C), RT, and HT (200 °C), and two repetitions, the total number of tests is 180. Dynamic hardening is clearly seen at LT and RT regardless of the material type, while dynamic strain aging occurs at HT, leads to negative strain rate sensitivity, and thus elevates the quasi-static flow stress above the dynamic flow stress to a certain strain rate. Dynamic hardening factors (DHFs) are derived as a function of the proof strains of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 according to each material type and temperature level. A new formula to determine the material constant D of Cowper–Symonds constitutive equation is developed. The correctness of the proposed formula is verified through comparison with test flow stress curves and reference test data in large plastic strain and high strain rate ranges.     

Airport–Airline interaction: some food for thought

Abstract

We provide an interpretive analysis of vertical relations between airports and carriers, while assessing the way in which deregulation of the airline market and the privatization of airports have created incentives for airport–airline interaction. In particular, if the vertical structure approach has become the standard approach in air transport research, we add to the literature by discussing three issues that we believe need further understanding. The three issues that we think should be the focus of future research on airport–airline interaction are (i) incomplete contracts and asymmetric information structure; (ii) upstream horizontal complementarities; and (iii) airports as two-sided platforms.     

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针对城市道路环境中驾驶人的应激响应操作时间特性,基于虚拟现实技术搭建了测试平台,对28名驾驶人在不同应激场景下的应激操作时间进行了研究.不同应激场景下的数据分析结果表明,非熟练驾驶人的应激操作时间要小于熟练驾驶人,且时间值较为稳定.青年驾驶人的操作时间值最小,且数据最为稳定.此外,随着车速的上升,驾驶人操作时间呈现下降趋势,两者之间符合对数函数关系.以驾驶经验、驾驶人年龄和车速为自变量,采用对数函数的多元线性预测模型能够对驾驶人的应激操作时间进行准确预测,被试样本实测值落在预测区间的比例达到了98.37%.     

冲压荷载下水泥路面土基的变形及应力分析

通过建立有限元模型,采用瞬态动力学加载方法,模拟冲击压路机破裂稳固旧水泥混凝土路面的冲压效果,探讨冲压荷载作用下土基中的应力传递规律和沉降变形．结果表明：在土基顶面以下5 m深度处由冲压荷载引起的土基竖向应力和位移均接近于0,冲压荷载的影响深度不超过5 m;冲压荷载作用下路基的工作区为2．25 m深度范围内,埋深超过2．25 m的构造物理论上不受冲压荷载的影响．     

西山特长隧道水平层石灰岩围岩爆破与支护技术研究

针对西山特长隧道水平层石灰岩地质极易造成隧道拱顶超欠挖现象,结合现场围岩情况以及工程经验,从爆破参数选择、爆破工序实施、支护方案等方面进行了改进优化,从而达到水平层石灰岩地质条件下良好的爆破支护效果。