OSCAR statement of methods

OSCAR (Outil de Simulation du CAptage pour la Reconnaissance des défauts) is the pantograph–catenary dynamic software developed by Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Français (SNCF) since 2004. A three-dimensional finite element (FE) mesh allows the modelling of any catenary type: alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) designs, and conventional or high-speed lines. It is a representative of the real overhead line geometry, with contact wire (CW) irregularities, staggered alignment of the CW, dropper spacing, wire tension, etc. Nonlinearities, such as slackening of droppers and unilateral contact between the pantograph and the CW, are taken into account. Several pantograph models can be used, with a complexity level growing from the three-lumped-mass model to the multibody model. In the second case, a cosimulation between the FE method catenary and the multibody pantograph models has been developed. Industrial features for pre- and post-treatments were developed to increase robustness of results and optimise computation time. Recent developments include volume meshing of the CW for stress computation or statistical analysis and lead to new fields of studies such as fatigue failure or design optimisation. OSCAR was fully validated against in-line measurements for its different AC and DC catenary models as well as its different pantograph models (with independent strips for instance) and has continuously been certified against EN50318 since 2008.     

Simplified and advanced modelling of traction control systems of heavy-haul locomotives

Improving tractive effort is a very complex task in locomotive design. It requires the development of not only mechanical systems but also power systems, traction machines and traction algorithms. At the initial design stage, traction algorithms can be verified by means of a simulation approach. A simple single wheelset simulation approach is not sufficient because all locomotive dynamics are not fully taken into consideration. Given that many traction control strategies exist, the best solution is to use more advanced approaches for such studies. This paper describes the modelling of a locomotive with a bogie traction control strategy based on a co-simulation approach in order to deliver more accurate results. The simplified and advanced modelling approaches of a locomotive electric power system are compared in this paper in order to answer a fundamental question. What level of modelling complexity is necessary for the investigation of the dynamic behaviours of a heavy-haul locomotive running under traction? The simulation results obtained provide some recommendations on simulation processes and the further implementation of advanced and simplified modelling approaches.     

车路协同系统的视景仿真模型

在车路协同系统仿真的基础上,以局部交通网络的实时交通仿真为例,建立了车路协同系统视景仿真模型库,确立了视景仿真系统的框架体系结构。将视景仿真集成为整个仿真系统的一个联邦成员,建立了车车信息交互、车路信息交互的典型视景仿真功能模型。使用LOD模型简化技术对视景仿真功能模型进行分解,生成了5个不同精细程度的LOD模型。采用DOF、LOD、Switch功能化节点,从节点结构上优化了典型应用场景中的交叉口信号灯、车辆运动等相关模型,建立了一套类似模型几何形状的层级节点结构。构建了车路协同系统可视化视景仿真平台,包括HLA/RTI信息交互与控制模块、车路协同数据处理模块、信息交互模块、模型引导控制模块、视角动态切换模块与模型状态参数动态显示模块。采用建模优化相关技术,对典型交通场景进行了视景仿真。仿真结果表明:通过LOD模型简化技术,模型简化率最高可达95.5%,内存占用减少86.3%;通过视景仿真方法的使用,提高了渲染效率与系统仿真效率,车路协同典型交通场景验证了仿真方法的可行性。     

浅水条件下船舶通过船闸时的水动力性能数值研究

文章通过应用CFD方法数值模拟在浅水条件下通过船闸的船舶粘性绕流,对船舶通过船闸时的水动力性能进行了数值预报研究。通过UDF编程定义船舶的运动,使用动网格方法和滑移交界面技术进行船舶运动过程中的网格更新,计算作用在船体上的水动力,并由计算得到的水动力求得船体下沉和纵倾。为了验证所采用的数值方法,以一艘通过比利时泽布吕赫Pierre Vandamme船闸的船舶为例,在模型尺度下进行了计算,并将计算结果和佛兰德水利研究所的模型试验基准数据进行了比较。通过分析不同船速、偏心距和水深条件下的数值结果,给出了这些因素对船舶通过船闸时的水动力性能的影响。该文研究结果可为浅水条件下船舶通过船闸时的安全操纵和控制提供一定的指导。     

基于ALE的矿粉货物液化晃荡问题并行数值模拟

含水量较高的矿粉货物在海上运输过程中易出现液化,形成自由表面并使晃荡现象加剧,严重威胁船舶运输安全。针对船载液化矿粉晃动和舱壁冲击问题,采用ALE有限元方法对其进行了细致建模和计算模拟,从三维角度考察了在船舱一定装载率和运动状态下液化矿粉的晃荡现象和特性;同时,借助不同仿真软件,对计算结果的合理性和准确性进行了相互比对和分析。模型求解借助了高性能计算资源,以解决问题求解时间长和多组计算工况带来的大规模计算需求;结合所建计算模型特点和流固耦合特性,研究了多核环境下两种不同区域分解策略和实现方式,通过并行计算性能数据比较分析,以探求更为合理的并行加速策略。     

基于虚拟流体方法数值模拟作用在水-弹性固体界面的强激波

文章对强激波与水—弹性固体界面的相互作用进行了数值模拟。基于欧拉方程和弹性动力学方程推导了一个用于处理流固界面的近似黎曼关系。耦合流体区域的欧拉网格和固体区域的拉格郎日网格,用水平集方法追踪流固界面的位置。并分别用五阶WENO和双特征线格式离散流体控制方程和固体控制方程及捕捉强激波在流体和固体中的传播。流固界面附近的网格节点用虚拟流体方法求解。文中还将数值结果和强激波作用在水—固壁界面,水—可压缩固体界面得到的结果进行了对比分析及验证。数值模拟结果也表明了推导的近似黎曼关系和虚拟流体方法可很好地适用于水—弹性固体耦合问题。     

Criteria of human-computer interface design for computer assisted surgery systems

In recent years, computer assisted surgery (CAS) systems become more and more common in clinical practices, but few specific design criteria have been proposed for human-computer interface (HCI) in CAS systems. This paper tried to give universal criteria of HCI design for CAS systems through introduction of demonstration application, which is total knee replacement (TKR) with a nonimage-based navigation system. A typical computer assisted process can be divided into four phases: the preoperative planning phase, the intraoperative registration phase, the intraoperative navigation phase and finally the postoperative assessment phase. The interface design for four steps is described respectively in the demonstration application. These criteria this paper summarized can be useful to software developers to achieve reliable and e?ective interfaces for new CAS systems more easily.     

波浪能量在浅化过程中的参数化研究

基于物理模型试验,对近岸随机波浪在传播过程中由于受非线性相互作用而发生的谐波能量变化进行了研究。为了讨论岸底坡度对波浪能量传递的影响,进行了3组不同底坡（β=1/15、1/30、1/45）的试验,对一组基于JONSWAP谱的入射波浪传播过程进行采集分析,获取试验结果。重点考虑了波浪在变浅过程中的主频部分以及高频部分能量的变化特征,并且使用参数化手段对这些能量变化过程进行拟合,得到一组关于这些能量参数与当地水深参数之间的变化关系。通过对不同底坡下得到的拟合结果进行比较,发现波浪主频以及高频部分能量的变化受底坡坡度影响明显,因此,在最终的经验公式中考虑了坡度的影响。     

基于高阶面元法的浅水域中船-船水动力相互作用数值预报

文章开发了一种基于非均匀有理B样条（NURBS）的三维高阶面元法对浅水域中两船会遇和追越时的船-船水动力相互作用进行预报。该方法采用NURBS精确表达船体曲面,采用配置点法满足离散的边界积分方程,在边界面上的源强分布确定之后采用B样条表达物面速度势分布。基于低速假设,忽略了自由面的兴波效应,采用无穷镜像法处理刚性自由面和浅水效应,采用时间步进法在时域内求解速度势。将文中计算结果与基于RANS方程求解的CFD方法和细长体理论方法计算结果比较,验证了该方法的有效性。在此基础上,分别在不同水深、船间横向间距和船速下进行了系列的计算,分析了这些因素对船-船水动力相互作用影响。结果表明,在相同的工况下,船-船会遇时相互作用力比追越时更大,对水深变化更敏感,而对横向间距不如追越时敏感。     

管土作用下的钢悬链线立管动力响应及其疲劳分析

钢悬链线立管的疲劳分析得到越来越多的重视,尤其是其与海床土体相互作用引起的疲劳。本文根据 Aubeny提出的管土作用模型以及 Bridge提出的土体吸力模型,采用有限元方法,在考虑其与海床土体相互作用的基础上,分析了钢悬链线立管在不同载况作用下的动力响应及疲劳损伤。分析发现,钢悬链线立管上触地点和悬挂点处的疲劳损伤更为显著;洋流载荷对立管疲劳损伤的影响随着水深的增加而减弱;土体吸力的存在,会增大触地段尤其是触地点附近的疲劳损伤;立管触地点附近的疲劳损伤与土体刚度呈正相关。