具有Drilling自由度的膜单元的杂交／混合有限元法

本文扩展了Ｈｕｇｈｅｓ等建立的具有独立转动变量的变分原理，由此导出了杂交／混合有限元的列式方法。在此基础上，建立了一个具有ｄｒｉｌｌｉｎｇ自由度的杂交／混合膜单元。数值检验表明，本文的列式方法优于基于Ｈｕｇｈｅｓ等提出的变分原理的列式方法。另外，本文建立的单元能够顺利通过ＭａｃＮｅａｌ建议的标准考题，并已达到完善单元的标准。     

混杂纤维混凝土抗弯冲击性能研究

研究了掺加异型塑钢纤维、钢纤维以及这两种纤维混杂的混凝土梁的抗弯冲击性能。测定了在不同纤维掺量下混凝土梁的初裂冲击次数、破坏冲击次数以及冲击能。试验结果表明:混掺纤维比单掺纤维显著提高了混凝土的冲击能和延性,但对初裂性能影响不大。     

整周模糊度改进算法研究与实现

介绍了在短基线状态下利用单频单历元双差载波相位定位时模糊度固定的基本理论.结合正则化理论和阻尼矩阵的思想,提出了一种用改进的正则化方程来改善法方程病态性的方法.算例分析表明,应用改进的正则化算法可以改善法矩阵的病态性,得到更加精确的浮动解,利用LAMBAD方法搜索可得到准确的整周模糊度解.     

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为了更精确地预测短期交通流,提出由季节自回归求和移动平均模型(SARIMA)和广义回归神经网络(GRNN)模型所构成的组合模型(SARIMA-GRNN模型),该模型结合了时间序列模型和神经网络模型进行时间序列预测的优点。构造该组合模型的两个组成模型,即SARIMA模型和GRNN模型,也被用于预测研究以便于验证该组合模型在预测上的优势。实证研究结果表明,组合模型的预测精度高于SARIMA模型,但是却并不必然高于GRNN模型。然而,合理选择组合模型中神经网络部分的输入变量以及输出变量将显著地改善模型的预测精度,本文所构造的这个组合模型不仅具有很好的预测表现而且结构简单,非常适合城市道路短期交通流的实时预测。     

Designing H∞/GH 2 static-output feedback controller for vehicle suspensions using linear matrix inequalities and genetic algorithms

This paper presents an approach to design the H_∞/GH ₂ static-output feedback controller for vehicle suspensions by using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and genetic algorithms (GAs). Three main performance requirements for an advanced vehicle suspension are considered in this paper. Among these requirements, the ride-comfort performance is optimized by minimizing the H_∞ norm of the transfer function from the road disturbance to the sprung mass acceleration, while the road-holding performance and the suspension deflection limitation are guaranteed by constraining the generalized H₂ (GH ₂) norms of the transfer functions from the road disturbance to the dynamic tyre load and the suspension deflection to be less than their hard limits, respectively. At the same time, the controller saturation problem is considered by constraining its peak response output to be less than a given limit using the GH ₂ norm as well. A four-degree-of-freedom half-car model with active suspension system is applied in this paper. Several kinds of H_∞/GH ₂ static-output feedback controllers, which use the available sprung mass velocities or the suspension deflections as feedback signals, are obtained by using the GAs to search for the possible control gain matrices and then resolving the LMIs together with the minimization optimization problem. These designed H_∞/GH ₂ static-output feedback controllers are validated by numerical simulations on both the bump and the random road responses which show that the designed H_∞/GH ₂ static-output feedback controllers can achieve similar or even better active suspension performances compared with the state-feedback control case in spite of their simplicities.     

CA6100SH8并联混合动力客车制动能量再生系统开发

提出一种新的制动能量再生系统。通过在CA6100SH8混合动力客车原装ABS系统的基础上增加压力传感器、双向单通阀和补气阀,配上控制模块,实现了驾驶员的制动意图,并达到最佳的制动能量回收效果;同时还确保了电机失效时的可靠制动。实车试验验证了该系统的制动能量再生功能。     

液压挖掘机混合动力系统的参数匹配方法

为了提高液压挖掘机混合动力系统的效率,提出了一种对其动力系统进行优化的参数匹配方法.分析了液压挖掘机混合动力系统的结构、工况及其控制策略,从而确立基于优化目标函数和约束条件函数的参数匹配方法.利用该匹配方法对混合动力系统中发动机、电动机、发电机和电容器等主要元件进行了参数匹配,在所建立的混合动力液压挖掘机模型上对匹配结果进行了分析.结果表明:进行参数匹配后系统的效率有了显著提高,并且主要元件均满足工况的要求.     

基于遗传算法收敛特性的停机准则

关于遗传算法及改进遗传算法收敛问题的研究表明,理论上分析各类不同结构遗传算法的收敛性是可行的.对已被证明收敛的遗传算法,在计算过程中最突出的问题便是如何判断当前计算结果已经到达最优解从而停止迭代.文中从遗传算法收敛特点及不同种群中最优个体适应值的一致性、种群的多样性出发,提出判断算法自动停止迭代的依据.     

Dynamic force profile in hydraulic hybrid vehicles: a numerical investigation

A hybrid hydraulic vehicle (HHV) combines a hydraulic sub-system with the conventional drivetrain in order to improve fuel economy for heavy vehicles. The added hydraulic module manages the storage and release of fluid power necessary to assist the motion of the vehicle. The power collected by a pump/motor (P/M) from the regenerative braking phase is stored in a high-pressure accumulator and then released by the P/M to the driveshaft during the acceleration phase. This technology is effective in significantly improving fuel-economy for heavy-class vehicles with frequent stop-and-go drive schedules. Despite improved fuel economy and higher vehicle acceleration, noise and vibrations are one of the main problems of these vehicles.

The dual function P/Ms are the main source of noise and vibration in a HHV. This study investigates the dynamics of a P/M and particularly the profile and frequency-dependence of the dynamic forces generated by a bent-axis P/M unit. To this end, the fluid dynamics side of the problem has been simplified for investigating the system from a dynamics perspective. A mathematical model of a bent axis P/M has been developed to investigate the cause of vibration and noise in HHVs. The forces are calculated in time and frequency domains. The results of this work can be used to study the vibration response of the chassis and to design effective vibration isolation systems for HHVs.     

An innovative localisation algorithm for railway vehicles

In modern railway automatic train protection and automatic train control systems, odometry is a safety relevant on-board subsystem which estimates the instantaneous speed and the travelled distance of the train; a high reliability of the odometry estimate is fundamental, since an error on the train position may lead to a potentially dangerous overestimation of the distance available for braking. To improve the odometry estimate accuracy, data fusion of different inputs coming from a redundant sensor layout may be used. The aim of this work has been developing an innovative localisation algorithm for railway vehicles able to enhance the performances, in terms of speed and position estimation accuracy, of the classical odometry algorithms, such as the Italian Sistema Controllo Marcia Treno (SCMT). The proposed strategy consists of a sensor fusion between the information coming from a tachometer and an Inertial Measurements Unit (IMU). The sensor outputs have been simulated through a 3D multibody model of a railway vehicle. The work has provided the development of a custom IMU, designed by ECM S.p.a, in order to meet their industrial and business requirements. The industrial requirements have to be compliant with the European Train Control System (ETCS) standards: the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS), a project developed by the European Union to improve the interoperability among different countries, in particular as regards the train control and command systems, fixes some standard values for the odometric (ODO) performance, in terms of speed and travelled distance estimation. The reliability of the ODO estimation has to be taken into account basing on the allowed speed profiles. The results of the currently used ODO algorithms can be improved, especially in case of degraded adhesion conditions; it has been verified in the simulation environment that the results of the proposed localisation algorithm are always compliant with the ERTMS requirements. The estimation strategy has good performance also under degraded adhesion conditions and could be put on board of high-speed railway vehicles; it represents an accurate and reliable solution. The IMU board is tested via a dedicated Hardware in the Loop (HIL) test rig: it includes an industrial robot able to replicate the motion of the railway vehicle. Through the generated experimental outputs the performances of the innovative localisation algorithm have been evaluated: the HIL test rig permitted to test the proposed algorithm, avoiding expensive (in terms of time and cost) on-track tests, obtaining encouraging results. In fact, the preliminary results show a significant improvement of the position and speed estimation performances compared to those obtained with SCMT algorithms, currently in use on the Italian railway network.