均匀应变能密度法在车身结构刚度设计的应用分析

为避免车身刚度设计出现突变或不连续的情况,本文探究了均匀应变能密度法在车身结构刚度设计的应用。首先,对车身关键区域进行划分,分析不同加载工况下车身结构不同区域的应变能密度,并获取其承载系数;其次,根据承载系数的大小对重点关注区域进行刚度调整;最后,基于均匀应变能密度设计准则进行结构更改,调整刚度,使得整体结构刚度均匀连续。优化结果表明调整后结构承载系数出现了一定程度的下降,验证了基于均匀应变能密度设计准则的车身刚度设计的有效性。     

新能源汽车维修中电子诊断技术的应用研究

随着社会经济的不断发展,我国科学技术得以迅速发展,无论是计算机领域还是汽车行业都得以空前发展。在新时代环境背景下,汽车领域中的新能源汽车已逐渐趋于完善,与人们的生活实现了有效渗透,且其因具有节能、环保等优势受到了人们的欢迎与关注。随着新能源技术的不断发展,其相关行业的市场投放量得以逐渐增加,且相应维修技术也得到了迅速发展,维修技术中的电子诊断技术是新时代环境下的产物。对新能源汽车领域而言,汽车的发展与其维修技术要保持同等水平的状态,两者要保持齐头并进的状态,这样才能满足时代发展的实际需求,才能让新能源行业得以稳步发展。基于此,本文针对新能源汽车维修中电子诊断技术的应用进行分析。     

新能源汽车电池检测及维护方法分析

随着传统燃油汽车排放的尾气污染大气问题越来越严重,国内外市场对新能源汽车的需求也不断增大,而使用效能高的新能源汽车是积极响应国家倡导的绿色低碳环保可持续发展观和保障国家能源安全的重要举措。本文通过对新能源汽车行业当前发展状况的论述,并对其电池检测及维护方法进行分析,旨在加强新能源汽车电池的使用寿命,探究出其降低汽车排放污染的有效途径。希望能为广大参与新能源汽车电池维修人员提供一些全新的思维理论和参考。     

面对能源短缺与环保需求的可持续交通策略

在汽车需求日益增长、国际油价持续上涨、市区交通拥堵日益加剧,以及城市空气污染越来越严重的今天,正是改变土地利用观念与发展绿色交通的最好时机。首先指出目前全球面对能源短缺、环境恶化的种种问题,指出当前以石油为主的交通运输系统是不可持续的。要解决这些问题,并实现可持续发展,首先,必须降低油耗并寻求新的替代能源,开发电动汽车和氢燃料汽车为清洁、可持续的替代能源提供了出路。其次,要大力发展绿色交通,以减少二氧化碳的排放,并且辅之以交通需求管理等手段。最后指出,只有将城市规划、土地利用与公共交通系统紧紧相结合,促进以公共交通为导向的发展,才能够适应可持续发展的目标。     

客运专线某钢管混凝土提篮拱桥列车走行性分析

针对武广客运专线胡家湾大桥,提出单箱三室箱形系梁的钢管混凝土拱桥空间振动分析模型,建立了高速列车-桥梁系统振动方程。运用列车脱轨能量随机分析理论,计算了胡家湾大桥上列车走行安全性。提出桥梁抗脱轨安全系数的计算式,并计算了该桥的抗脱轨安全系数。在列车不会脱轨的条件下,计算了该桥上列车走行舒适性。计算结果表明:ICE列车以不超过300 km/h车速通过该桥时,列车不会脱轨;桥梁抗脱轨安全系数很大,具有很高的抗脱轨安全度;在列车正常运行时,舒适性指标达到了良好以上等级。研究成果可为该桥设计提供理论依据。     

Dynamic optimization of ship energy efficiency considering time-varying environmental factors

Nowadays, optimization of ship energy efficiency attracts increasing attention in order to meet the requirement for energy conservation and emission reduction. Ship operation energy efficiency is significantly influenced by environmental factors such as wind speed and direction, water speed and depth. Owing to inherent time-variety and uncertainty associated with these various factors, it is very difficult to determine optimal sailing speeds accurately for different legs of the whole route using traditional static optimization methods, especially when the weather conditions change frequently over the length of a ship route. Therefore, in this paper, a novel dynamic optimization method adopting the model predictive control (MPC) strategy is proposed to optimize ship energy efficiency accounting for these time-varying environmental factors. Firstly, the dynamic optimization model of ship energy efficiency considering time-varying environmental factors and the nonlinear system model of ship energy efficiency are established. On this basis, the control algorithm and controller for the dynamic optimization of ship energy efficiency (DOSEE) are designed. Finally, a case study is carried out to demonstrate the validity of this optimization method. The results indicate that the optimal sailing speeds at different time steps could be determined through the dynamic optimization method. This method can improve ship energy efficiency and reduce CO₂ emissions effectively.     

Impacts of plug-in electric vehicles in the portuguese electrical grid

Powertrain electrification is currently the best alternative to ensure sustainable energy efficient personal mobility, increasing the integration of intermittent Renewable Energy Sources (RES), improving air quality in urban centres, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector and their dependence on fossil energy sources. With the increasing number of Electric Vehicles (EVs) available from automotive manufacturers, one key question that arises is the capability of the electrical grid to feed the increasing energy demand of the EV fleet without major investments. This paper shows that a progressive penetration of EVs, even at a rapid rate, is perfectly possible for vehicles that offer autonomy, energy consumption and charging characteristics that are currently available in the market. This analysis is based on data acquired during a year, using a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PEV) as the only vehicle for a typical, Southern European Portuguese family. The energy consumption of a gasoline and electric vehicle is presented, as well as its impact on the household load pattern. An analysis of the impact on the grid is also presented, considering several penetration rates (100 thousand, 500 thousand and 1 million vehicles). As well as the avoided use of fossil fuel per vehicle and consequent reduction in overall emissions when compared with a conventional vehicle.     

Energy use in passenger transport in OECD countries: Changes since 1970

This paper analyzes some of the changes that took place in the structure of energy use for passenger travel in industrialized countries. Data is presented on energy use and travel activity for the four major modes of travel — automobile, bus, rail and air — for eight OECD countries: the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, West Germany, France, Italy, Sweden, and Norway. We use the Laspeyres and Divisia indices to analyze the causes of the change in energy use between 1970 and 1987. The total change in energy use for travel is explained by changes in domestic passenger transport volumes, the mix of modes of travel, and the energy intensities of each mode. We have found two important effects that have a fundamental impact on energy use for travel since 1970. First, shifts among modes of transport towards more energy-intensive ones and large increases in volumes of travel (measured in passenger-kilometers) increased energy use for travel in many OECD countries, often more rapidly than the overall growth in GDP. Second, energy intensities, measured in mJ/passenger-kilometer, of passenger transport fell only in a few countries between 1970 and 1987. Even though individual automobiles have become more energy-efficient, greater size, power, and weight, worsening traffic conditions in Japan and Europe, and fewer people in cars restrained or even offset efficiency improvements. Particularly notable are the increases in intensities in Japan and Germany. The most important exception to this trend was the United States, but the intensities of land-based travel remain higher there than in most other countries. These findings lead to a pessimistic outlook for future energy use for travel. After all, if little or no energy was saved during the decades of high fuel prices, what can be expected in the 1990s?     

地铁电动车辆电能的测量与分析

介绍了北京地铁在电动车辆上装电子电能表进行电能测量的情况，并对地铁电动车辆电耗统计的数据进行了分析比较，解决了北京地铁车辆耗电无准确测量手段的问题，根据技术的发展，提出了已有地铁车辆不必全装电子能表，而新型地铁车辆可装设电能计算装置的意见。     

维纶纤维砼的抗弯性能实验研究

用干式喷射工艺制成维轮纤砼板，再用金刚石锯将其锯成４ｃｍ＊４ｃｍ＊１６ｃｍ的小试块，对试块进行弯实验，观察到纤维的加入将大幅度地提高高砼的吸收能量的能力，但纤维的加入也产生了数倍至十倍于纤维体积的孔隙。