渤海导管架平台的破冰锥体设计

主要阐述了渤海辽东湾重冰区海域锦州21-1 BOP和锦州9-3E WHPA平台导管架破冰锥体的设计实践,并对渤海重冰区平台导管架破冰锥体的设计提出了建议.     

CBX-1500型冰雪清除机的研制

论述了研制冰雪清除机的必要性和有关数据的确定     

道路的冻胀与防治措施

提出防治道路冻胀的几种措施 :置换法、隔温法、稳定处理措施     

黑龙江省公路涎流冰防治

结合我省寒区特点,提出了公路涎流冰的防治原则,并分别对地面和地上排水措施进行了详细介绍。     

抗冰海洋平台的全寿命优化设计Ⅱ—算法与应用

针对抗冰海洋平台全寿命优化设计模型中的不同类型可靠度分析问题,提出了相应的计算方法,包括冰区导管架平台整体抗力和极值冰力响应的概率统计特性及整体可靠度的高效近似算法,基于首次超越破坏机制的海洋平台冰振动力可靠性分析,基于等效应力幅值近似计算的疲劳寿命分析等。最后,以渤海某抗冰平台为例,实现了全寿命总费用最小的抗冰海洋平台优化设计。结果表明,基于风险的全寿命优化模型比基于规范的静力设计和仅考虑动力的最优设计相比更加合理。     

Economic feasibility of an NSR/SCR-combined container service on the Asia-Europe lane: a new approach dynamically considering sea ice extent

The trend towards global warming and the rapid decline in the extent of summer Arctic sea ice over recent years has increased the feasibility of international Arctic shipping. In this study we propose a seasonal NSR (North Sea Route)/SCR (Suez Canal Route)-combined shipping service linking Shanghai and Rotterdam, using the Northern Sea Route during the economical navigable window but using the traditional Suez Canal Route at other times. Different from the previous literatures, this paper dynamically considers the sea ice extent in the model, which is more reasonable for the assessment of Arctic container shipping, because fuel consumption is highly related to ship speed, while ship speed is determined by the relative distances of ice-covered and ice-free route stages. A new approach is developed to predict the time points at which the ship enters and exits the ice-covered stage, given that both the ship position and the extent of sea ice are constantly changing. The results show that the NSR/SCR-combined Arctic container service can be more economical than the SCR, given lower NSR tariffs.     

考虑水介质作用的船冰碰撞解耦方法及载荷预报

考虑水介质在船冰碰撞过程中水压变化的影响,是模拟水介质中船-冰碰撞的关键.本文开展数值模拟的动网格技术研究,基于RANS方程和改进的双相流流体体积函数VOF,实时预报船冰靠拢全过程中船体表面、冰体表面的压力变化情况.得到船体表面、冰体表面的P(V)函数.进而将水介质对船冰碰撞载荷的影响简化为对船体、冰体碰撞面预加载荷来实现,达到解耦目的.     

船用食品保鲜技术发展研究

归纳了食品保鲜的涵义,概括了食品保鲜技术的发展,介绍了传统冷藏、气调贮藏和冰温贮藏三种食品保鲜技术.论述了国内船用食品保鲜技术的应用现状,针对这一现状以及前述三种保鲜技术的各自特点,提出了针对船舶的中、长期需求分别采用冰温冷藏＋真空保鲜、冰温冷藏＋气调贮藏的食品保鲜模式,并说明了今后在实践过程中需要进行研究的一些技术问题.     

Finite element based meta-modeling of ship-ice interaction at shoulder and midship areas for ship performance simulation

The climate change has made the transit through Arctic area more feasible, which demands reliable methods to evaluate ship performance. Ship performance in ice is a cross-scale problem, where the desired output such as ship speed lies in larger scale while the actual ship-ice interaction happens in smaller scale. Due to insufficient knowledge in ice mechanics and the demand for computational efficiency, existing approaches for modelling ship-ice interaction from ship performance perspective are mostly either (semi-) empirical, or simplified analytical, with reduced dimensions and extensively simplified mechanics. This paper presents a novel approach to model ship-ice interaction, which maintains the accuracy of the modelling with Finite Element Method (FEM) in ship-ice interaction scale, while being computationally very cheap, therefore is capable to be applied in ship scale simulations. The ice failure is firstly qualitatively investigated through full-scale and model-scale observations, as well as a numerical simulation with Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM). The model is then simplified and executed by Abaqus to automatically run a large database. A neural network is used to fit the results to get a simulation-free tool for ship-ice interaction calculation. Finally, the uncertainty in the results due to an important assumption is quantified. The results show that the obtained neural network fits the database with excellent performance. Therefore, it can be applied in ship scale simulations with improved accuracy compared to empirical or analytical approaches.     

Dilated-polyhedron-based DEM analysis of the ice resistance on ship hulls in escort operations in level ice

The ice resistance on ships in escort operations in level ice are investigated using the discrete element method (DEM). A dilated polyhedron—generated by the Minkowski sum of a sphere and a polyhedron—is employed in the DEM; this dilated polyhedron-based DEM (DPDEM) is adopted to simulate the ship–ice interaction, wherein the contact force and bond-failure criterion are considered for the collision and fracture of sea ice, respectively. A three-point bending test was simulated with DPDEM, and a field test was conducted in the Bohai Sea to validate the DEM results. Further, a parametric analysis of flexural strength was conducted to identify the parameters involved in the bond-failure criterion. The ice resistance on icebreakers and cargo ships in level ice are simulated using DPDEM. The simulated ice resistances are compared with the Lindqvist and Riska formulas and the model test, which proves the validity of the DEM simulation. The interaction between ships and level ice is simulated parametrically to investigate the ice resistance on cargo ships with and without the icebreaker escort. Influencing factors such as ship speed, ice thickness, and ship breadth were examined to investigate the ice resistance on the escorted cargo ship. Analysis and change rules of the ice resistance on cargos affected by those factors were given.