提高铁路电力系统抗击冰雪灾害能力的探讨

对铁路电力系统受灾情况进行了收集和归纳,对雪灾引起铁路供电系统停电故障的原因进行了分析,并就提高铁路供电系统抗击特大冰雪灾害的能力进行了探讨。     

高寒山区高等级公路涎流冰的形成与防治

通过对寒冷山区高等级公路涎流冰形成条件的分析,阐明了形成公路涎流冰病害的主要因素及其危害,并结合实际提出了经济、合理有效地防治公路涎流冰的方法和途径。     

不同敏感性参数下船舶-碎冰碰撞的船体结构响应

基于我国第七次北极科学考察获得的夏季北极海冰空间分布情况,模拟真实碎冰分布,采用LS-DYNA软件中的流固耦合方法,研究在船舶航速、碎冰尺度、碎冰厚度及碎冰密集度等因素影响下船舶-碎冰碰撞的船体结构响应。结合试验数据得到船体结构的应力、吸能和碰撞力。结果表明：船舶-碎冰的主要碰撞区域为艏部及舷侧的水线附近;在船舶航行于碎冰域时,船体结构的应力、吸能和碰撞力的峰值随碎冰域的船舶航速、碎冰尺度、碎冰厚度及碎冰密集度的增加而增加,但分布情况不同。研究结果为船舶在极地冰区航行提供一定的安全性参考。     

自发热机场沥青混凝土道面融雪化冰试验研究

通过对铺装了导电体的自发热机场沥青混凝土道面进行化冰试验与融雪试验（初始温度为-10 ℃、导体控制温度为50 ℃、设置和不设置隔热层），得出了融雪化冰所需时间和设置隔热层能够提高能量利用率的结论。运用有限元软件融雪化冰分析，与试验结果对比，验证了试验结果的正确性。并对下一步研究工作提出了建议。     

冰机及其冷却水系统的改造与实现

文章主要通过对某科学考察船冰机及其冷却水系统出厂以来出现的各类故障及维护情况进行统计与分析，找出存在问题的主要原因，并提出相应的改进方案。     

一款用于变电站的融冰工程车

由于变电站内通道狭窄,承载融冰开关的普通工程车在站内不能行走自如,因此设计开发了带遥控功能的融冰工程车。介绍了该工程车的结构、设计及关键件的选型,该车在变电站内不受道路条件限制,转弯半径小,行驶自如,能够满足变电站雨雪冰冻天气融冰的需要,值得推广和应用。     

接触网绝缘子覆冰闪络电压探讨

接触网覆冰不仅影响接触线的弛度、支柱的容量,在一定程度上还影响着接触网绝缘子的闪络电压.在重冰区,设计人员应当考虑覆冰对绝缘子闪络的影响.本文通过研究形成绝缘子覆冰的条件,并以接触网悬式绝缘子串为例进行了覆冰绝缘子的闪络电压计算,对接触网在重冰区的设计以及运营维护有一定的参考价值.     

带蓄冷装置的热回收船舶空调系统的设计研究

文章从节能的角度着手，进行了带蓄冷装置的热回收船舶空调系统的设计研究，并从理论上对其性能进行了分析讨论，为船上同类空调机组和热回收系统的开发研究和更合理利用能源提供有益的参考。     

Sea ice and the onshore–offshore gradient in pre-winter zooplankton assemblages in southeastern Beaufort Sea

Zooplankton communities were studied in southeastern Beaufort Sea (Arctic Ocean) in September–October 2002. Cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed three distinct mesozooplankton assemblages. A neritic assemblage occurred on the Mackenzie Shelf and in Franklin Bay, while distinct off-shelf assemblages prevailed in the Cape Bathurst Polynya and on the Beaufort Slope respectively. Over 95% of the mesozooplankton was comprised of eight copepod taxa. Pseudocalanus spp. contributed predominantly to the discrimination of the three assemblages and was the only significant indicator of the Shelf assemblage. Oithona similis, Oncaea borealis, Metridia longa and Calanus hyperboreus were indicators of the Polynya assemblage. Cyclopina sp. and Microcalanus pygmaeus were indicative of the overall off-shelf community (Polynya and Slope assemblages). The importance of omnivores and carnivores increased from the shelf to the polynya and the slope. Station depth and duration of reduced ice conditions during summer (< 50% ice concentration) underpinned the distribution of the assemblages (r² = 0.71 and 0.45 respectively). The abundance of Pseudocalanus spp. was independent of depth and increased with the duration of reduced ice conditions (r_s = 0.438). The abundance of Cyclopina sp., M. pygmaeus and other indicators of the offshore assemblages followed the opposite trend (r_s = − 0.467 and − 0.5 respectively). Under continued climate warming, a reduction of the ice cover will affect the biogeography of mesozooplankton on and around the Mackenzie Shelf, to the potential advantage of Pseudocalanus spp. and other calanoid herbivores.     

Characteristics and potential impacts of under-ice river plumes in the seasonally ice-covered Bothnian Bay (Baltic Sea)

The northernmost basin of the Baltic Sea, the Bothnian Bay, is ice-covered for about half the year. During this time, distinct under-ice river plumes develop, even seaward of the smallest rivers, that are substantially thicker and larger in extent than during the summer months. Wind mixing is negligible, and during late spring in April or May, the highest annual discharge occur while the sea is ice covered, thus providing conditions for the formation of extensive under-ice plumes. These plumes are characterised by high levels of trace elements (e.g., Al, Fe and Zn), organic matter (TOC and dissolved organic carbon [DOC]), nutrients and also optically active substances (colored dissolved organic matter, CDOM). The under-ice plumes provide an important pathway for undiluted transport of land-derived substances to the pelagic waters of the basin, affecting the salinity, chemistry and optical properties of coastal waters. Freshwater ice growth on the underside of an existing sea ice sheet also restricts the buildup of sea ice and under-ice algal communities, potentially in large areas along the coasts. Plume water influences the optical characteristics of coastal waters for a period of time after ice break-up, potentially affecting primary production in these areas. Furthermore, the formation of under-ice plumes potentially has a positive feedback on the ice season length due to freshening of the coastal waters (earlier freeze-up) and restricted oceanic heat flux (slower melting).